patho - immune system

Question 1

How do the immune system and the inflammatory response work together?

Answer 1

Inflammation and immunity work together to protect the body against tissue injury and/or substances considered non-self.

Question 2

Immune system - first line of defense

Answer 2

Physical, chemical and biomechanical barriers

Question 3

Immune system - second line of defense

Answer 3

Inflammatory response

Question 4

Immune system - third line of defense

Answer 4

Adaptive immune response

Question 5

How is the inflammatory response different from the immune system?

Answer 5

Inflammation is rapid, non-specific and short-lived.

Adaptive Immunity is slower acting, specific towards an antigen and very long lived.

Question 6

Define non-self as it is used with the immune system.

Answer 6

Any microorganism capable of invading the body. Exogenous proteins. The body’s own unhealthy cells.

Question 7

Antigen specificity

Answer 7

An antigen is any substance that can induce an immune response. An antibody is very specific to it’s antigen.

Question 8

Epitope

Answer 8

Specific molecular shapes on antigens that correspond to specific receptors on T and B lymphocytes.

Question 9

Immune system memory

Answer 9

Memory cells are produced from both B and T cells, which are long lived and allow the body to mount a quick defense when an known antigen is detected again. When the antigen is detected, these cells become plasma (from B cells) or Memory (Effector) cells.

Question 10

Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)

Answer 10

Glycoproteins found on the surface of all human cells except erythrocytes. These proteins are cellular fingerprints unique to each individual.

Question 11

Cell Mediated Immunity

Answer 11

Within tissues - Cytotoxic T-cells which can destroy antigen bearing cells by attacking the antigen itself.

Question 12

Humoral Immunity

Answer 12

Within bloodstream - B cells transform into plasma cells which secrete antibodies that bind to antigens.

Question 13

B cells

Answer 13

Humoral Immunity - Originate in bone marrow and mature into plasma cells that secrete antibodies (immunoglobulins). Antibodies destroy bacteria and viruses and keep them from entering healthy cells.

Question 14

The Complement System

Answer 14

A major mediator of the Inflammatory system and part of humoral immunity.

Question 15

T cells

Answer 15

Cellular Immunity - Regulate the immune response via production of cytokines and other anticellular proteins.

Question 16

Cytokines

Answer 16

Produced by T cells, B cells and monocytes. Soluble factors that act as messengers between cell types.

Question 17

Monocytes

Answer 17

Immune system cells that circulate in the bloodstream and become macrophages when they enter an organ or tissue.

Question 18

Macrophage

Answer 18

Ingest bacteria through phagocytosis, breaking down antigens. the antigens are then displayed on the surface of the macrophage to mark them for destruction by T cells.

Question 19

Natural Killer Cells

Answer 19

Not antigen specific, but will attack and kill any cell identified as non-self.

Question 20

Immunoglobulin

Answer 20

An antibody. A protein that reacts with a specific antigen.

Question 21

IgG

Answer 21

75%-80% of total. Antiviral, antitoxin, antibacterial. The only immunoglobulin to cross the placenta, responsible for protection of newborn. Activates complement and binds to macrophages.

Question 22

IgM

Answer 22

10% of total. First immunoglobulin produced during an immune response. Anti-ABO blood antigens. Activates complement.

Question 23

IgA

Answer 23

15% of total. Predominant immunoglobulin in body secretions. Protects mucous membranes. Important to respiratory and GI tracts.

Question 24

IgD

Answer 24

0.02% of total. On B cell surface. An antigen receptor.

Question 25

IgE

Answer 25

0.0004% of total. Binds to mast cells and basophils. Involved in allergy and hypersensitivity reactions.