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Clin Med II MHM - Cardio 1 > Patho HCVD Duval > Flashcards

Patho HCVD Duval Flashcards

1
Q

Malignant BP

A
  • Rapidly rising BP

- Death within 1-2 years

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2
Q

Syndrome of malignant HTN

A
  • Severe HTN (systolic 120+ mmHg)
  • Renal failure
  • Retinal hemorrhages
  • Pre-existing benign HTN
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3
Q

BP formula

A

BP = CO x TPR

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4
Q

Cardiac output depends on ____ which depends on ____

A
  • Blood volume

- Serum sodium

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5
Q

Peripheral vascular resistance depends on ___ under the control of _____

A
  • Arteriolar luminal diameter

- Vasoconstrictors and dilators

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6
Q

Name some common vasoconstrictors:

A
  • AT II
  • Catecholamines
  • Thromboxane
  • Leukotrienes
  • Endothelin
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7
Q

Name some common vasodilators:

A
  • Kinins
  • Prostaglandins
  • NO
  • Lactic acid
  • Hydrogen ions
  • Adenosine
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8
Q

What factors cause essential HTN?

A
  • Genetic

- Environmental

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9
Q

What is Liddle syndrome?

A
  • Mutations in epithelial Na channel protein

- Causes increased response to aldosterone

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10
Q

What is the hypothesized primary defect in essential HTN?

A

Defect in renal Na homeostasis

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11
Q

What are the two types of arteriosclerosis pathology-wise?

A
  • Hyaline

- Hyperplastic

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12
Q

What populations does hyaline arteriosclerosis affect?

A
  • Elderly
  • Benign nephrosclerosis
  • Diabetic microangiopathy
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13
Q

What is the morphology of hyaline arteriosclerosis?

A

Homogenous pink hyaline thickening

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14
Q

What populations does hyperplastic arteriosclerosis affect?

A

Malignant HTN

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15
Q

What is the morphology of hyperplastic arteriosclerosis?

A
  • Onion skinning
  • Smooth muscle hypertrophy/plasia
  • Fibrinoid deposition/acute necrosis
  • Kidney, periadrenal fat, gallbladder, intestinal, peripancreatic
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16
Q

Definition of hypertensive heart disease (pathology)

A
  • LVH in someone w/HTN

- No other reason for LVH

17
Q

Pathogenesis of HHD

A
  • Sustained pressure load acts as stimulus causing changes in gene expression of myosin, actin, etc.
  • Increased metabolic requirements w/reduced supply
18
Q

Gross morphology of HHD

A
  • Increased heart weight
  • LVH usually concentric
  • Dilation if longstanding with RVH
  • CAD
19
Q

Micro morphology of HHD

A
  • Enlarged, hyperchromatic “box car” nuclei

- Interstitial fibrosis/infarcts

20
Q

Definition of cor pulmonale (pathology)

A
  • Disease of R heart due to pulm HTN

* NOT due to L heart or congenital disease

21
Q

Morphology of acute cor pulmonale

A

Acute RVF = dilated, normal chamber size

22
Q

Morphology of chronic cor pulmonale

A

Chronic RVF = increased weight, pulm artery AS

Clin Med II MHM - Cardio 1 (7 decks)

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