Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med II MHM - Cardio 1 > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

One small box = how many seconds? ms?

A

0.04 sec = 40 ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

One large box = how many seconds? ms?

A

0.2 sec = 200 ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which leads show the inferior of the heart?

A

II, III, avF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which leads show lateral side of the heart?

A

I, avL, V5 and V6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which leads show posterior heart?

A

Reciprocal changes of V1 and V2

*R wave >= S wave, ST depression, upright T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which leads show anterior heart?

A

V1-V4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which leads show septum?

A

V3-V4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In normal conditions, the T wave should be in the ____ direction of the R wave

A

Same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal PR interval =

A

120-200 ms (3-5 small squares)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal QRS interval =

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sinus arrhythmia

A
  • Irregular rhythm varying with respiration

- NORMAL variant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Wandering pacemaker

A
  • Irregular rhythm
  • P waves of different shapes (d/t different pacemaker locations)
  • Rate less than 100 bpm! (otherwise it is MAT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Multifocal atrial tachycardia

A
  • Wandering pacemaker w/tachycardia
  • Different shaped P waves
  • Rate greater than 100 bpm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Saw tooth P waves =

A

Atrial flutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Wenckebach vs. Mobitz

A
  • Wencke: PR interval gradually lengthens until P wave does not produce a QRS
  • Mobitz: some P waves do not produce QRS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

AV blocks and types

A

1st degree = long PR interval
2nd degree = some P waves with no QRS
3rd degree = complete = P waves have no a/w QRS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atrial flutter vs. fibrillation rates

A

250-350 bpm for flutter

350-450 bpm for fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

R on T phenomenon

A
  • PVC falls on the latter half of the T wave (during relative refractory period)
  • Can predispose to V-tach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bigeminy PVC

A

1 normal PQRST followed by 1 PVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Trigeminy PVC

A

2 normal PQRST followed by 1 PVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Brugada syndrome

A
  • Incomplete RBBB and ST elevations in V1-V3
  • J wave in multiple leads
  • Associated A fib
  • Asymptomatic
  • Syncope and cardiac arrest (often during sleep or rest)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If delta waves are present =

A

WPW syndrome (“pre-excitation” - premature depolarization of a portion of the ventricle)

23
Q

RBBB characteristics in V1 and V6 leads

A

rSR’ in V1

qRs in V6

24
Q

LBBB characteristics in V1 and V6 leads

A

rS in V1

R in V6

25
Q

Axis in RBBB

A

Normal or rightward

26
Q

Axis in LBBB

A

Normal or leftward

27
Q

What leads do you look at to assess axis?

A

I and avF

28
Q

Left axis deviation could mean:

A
  • LVH
  • LBBB
  • Left anterior fascicular block
29
Q

Right axis deviation could mean:

A
  • Lateral MI
  • RVH
  • RBBB
  • COPD
  • PE
30
Q

Transitional QRS is called:

A

Isoelectric

31
Q

When does an isoelectric QRS normally occur?

A

V3-V4

32
Q

How to assess R wave progression

A

View QRS from V1-V6 for isoelectricity

33
Q

What do we assess R wave progression for?

A
  • LVH
  • Incomplete LBBB
  • Anterior or anteroseptal MI
  • WPW
  • Emphysema and COPD
34
Q

What does RA hypertrophy look like on EKG?

A

Large, diphasic P wave with tall initial component

35
Q

What does LA hypertrophy look like on EKG?

A

Large, diphasic P wave with wide terminal component

36
Q

What does RV hypertrophy look like on EKG?

A
  • R wave greater than S in V1, but get progressively smaller
  • S wave persists in V5 and V6
  • RAD w/slightly widened QRS
  • Rightward rotation in horizontal plane
37
Q

How do we measure for LV hypertrophy on EKG?

A
  • S wave in V1 + R wave in V5

- If it is 35+ mm then it is LVH

38
Q

Anteroseptal MI is a/w which coronary artery?

A

LAD

39
Q

Posterior and lateral MIs are a/w which coronary artery?

A

LCX

40
Q

Extensive anterior MI is a/w which coronary artery?

A

Left main

41
Q

Posterior and inferior MIs are a/w which coronary artery?

A

Distal RCA/PDA

42
Q

What does ischemia look like on an EKG?

A

T wave inversion

43
Q

What is benign early repolarization?

A
  • ST elevation (concave up)
  • MC in healthy young males
  • Consider only in complaint free patients
44
Q

What makes a Q wave pathological?

A
  • 1 mm+ or 1/3+ amplitude of QRS

- Indicates necrosis (infarct)

45
Q

What is Wellen’s Syndrome and what does it show on EKG?

A
  • Preinfarction stage: often progressive to anterior MI
  • T wave inversion in V2-V3, no Q waves
  • No significant ST elevation
  • Normal R wave progression
46
Q

What does hyperkalemia show on EKG?

A
  • Wide, flat P
  • Wide QRS
  • Peaked T
47
Q

What does hypokalemia show on EKG?

A
  • Flat or inverted T

- U wave

48
Q

What does hypercalcemia show on EKG?

A

Short QT

49
Q

What does hypocalcemia show on EKG?

A

Prolonged QT

50
Q

What does PE show on EKG?

A

S1Q3T3

  • Wide S in I
  • Large Q in III
  • Inverted T in III
51
Q

What does pericarditis show on EKG?

A
  • Diffuse concave up ST elevation
  • ST depression in avR, V1, V3
  • PR segment depression
52
Q

What does pericardial effusion show on EKG?

A

-Electrical alternans = beat to beat alternation of QRS appearance

53
Q

Digitalis effect on EKG

A
  • T waves depressed or inverted

- QT shortened

Clin Med II MHM - Cardio 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions