Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 4125 PATHO > Patho EXAM 3 SG - Suriaga Original Questions > Flashcards

Patho EXAM 3 SG - Suriaga Original Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is Muscular Dystrophy (MD)?

A

A group of inherited genetic disorders causing progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass due to defects in muscle proteins

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and severe form, caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Progressive muscle weakness, difficulty walking, frequent falls, calf muscle hypertrophy, respiratory difficulties, heart problems

Symptoms often start in the legs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What nursing interventions are important for Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Monitor respiratory function, promote mobility, prevent contractures, manage complications, provide emotional support, educate about assistive devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is fasciculation?

A

Involuntary, fine muscle twitches due to spontaneous depolarization of a lower motor neuron or its muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the levels of spinal cord injury?

A

Cervical (C1-C8), Thoracic (T1-T12), Lumbar/Sacral (L1-S5)

Each level affects different bodily functions, such as mobility and bowel/bladder control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the nursing interventions for spinal cord injury?

A

Immediate immobilization, maintain airway and breathing, prevent complications like pressure ulcers and DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What neurotransmitter is affected in Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Muscle weakness that worsens with activity, ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia, difficulty breathing in severe cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What diagnostic tests are used for Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Tensilon test, acetylcholine receptor antibody test, electromyography (EMG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a myasthenic crisis?

A

Exacerbation of muscle weakness due to insufficient medication or stressors, requiring respiratory support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a cholinergic crisis?

A

Overmedication with anticholinesterase drugs causing excessive acetylcholine, leading to muscle weakness and respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What neurotransmitter is affected in Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Resting tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, postural instability, shuffling gait, mask-like facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the nursing interventions for Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Administer dopaminergic medications, promote physical therapy, prevent falls, assist with ADLs, monitor for medication side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Immune-mediated destruction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the risk factors for Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, possibly viral infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment for Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Immunomodulatory drugs, corticosteroids for acute relapses, physical therapy, symptomatic management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the types of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Dementia, Lewy Body Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the stages of dementia?

A

Early Stage, Middle Stage, Late Stage

20
Q

What differentiates delirium from dementia?

A

Delirium is acute and often reversible; dementia is slow and progressive, generally irreversible

21
Q

What is assessed in short-term memory tests?

A

Recent events or recalling a list of words immediately

22
Q

What are brain findings in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

23
Q

What medications are used for dementia?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil), memantine

24
Q

What is Korsakoff Syndrome?

A

Severe memory deficits caused by chronic alcohol abuse

25
Q

What are the blood components?

A

Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), Platelets

26
Q

What is the coagulation cascade?

A

A series of reactions leading to the formation of a blood clot

27
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

The process of stopping bleeding, involving primary and secondary hemostasis

28
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

A low platelet count increasing bleeding risk

29
Q

What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis?

A

Hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, high LDL cholesterol

30
Q

What are ECG changes in cardiac problems?

A

ST elevation indicates myocardial infarction; prolonged QT interval can lead to arrhythmias

31
Q

What is the DASH diet?

A

A diet designed to reduce hypertension, focusing on fruits, vegetables, and low sodium intake

32
Q

What are the stages of hypertension?

A

Prehypertension, Stage 1, Stage 2

33
Q

What regulates blood pressure through the RAAS?

A

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls blood pressure by regulating blood volume and vasoconstriction

34
Q

What is the biomarker for CHF?

A

B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

35
Q

What are the classes of CHF?

A

Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV

36
Q

What is the Frank-Starling mechanism?

A

The relationship between stroke volume and end-diastolic volume

37
Q

What differentiates left-sided heart failure from right-sided heart failure?

A

Left-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Right-sided: Peripheral edema

38
Q

How do you calculate pulse pressure?

A

Systolic minus diastolic pressure

39
Q

How do you calculate Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

A

(Systolic + 2(Diastolic)) ÷ 3

40
Q

What are the interventions for CHF?

A

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, lifestyle changes

41
Q

What is the pathophysiology of CHF?

A

The heart’s inability to pump effectively leads to reduced cardiac output, fluid retention, and congestion

42
Q

What does the P wave represent in an ECG?

A

Atrial contraction (depolarization)

43
Q

What does the QRS complex represent in an ECG?

A

Ventricular contraction

44
Q

What does the T wave represent in an ECG?

A

Ventricular relaxation (repolarization)

45
Q

What does T-wave inversion indicate?

A

Ischemia

46
Q

What does Q wave enlargement indicate?

A

Infarction

NUR 4125 PATHO (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions