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MIG > Patho Exam 2: Pulm Physiology & Testing (Lecture 1) > Flashcards

Patho Exam 2: Pulm Physiology & Testing (Lecture 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Respiration?

A
  • Cellular level
  • Exchange of O2 and CO2

Note: Respiration is NOT Ventilation

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2
Q

What is Ventilation?

A
  • “Breathing”
  • air movement
  • ventilation is PART of respiration

-Importance: keep balance in acid-base scale (measured in arterial blood gas, ABG)

Note: Respiration is NOT Ventilation

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3
Q

What is Diffusion?

A
  • Transfer of gases between air-filled spaces and the blood
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4
Q

What is Perfusion?

A
  • Blood flow through lungs

- Responsible for organs and tissues to receive O2-rich and CO2 poor blood.

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5
Q

The lung functions are controlled by multiple systems. List the systems that contribute…

A
  • CNS
  • Respiratory
  • Cardiovascular
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6
Q

Conducting airways

A

DO NOT participate in gas exchange

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7
Q

Gas exchange airways

Hint: smaller more detail oriented section of the lungs

A
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveoli
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8
Q

What is the role/importance of surfactant?

A
  • immune function to protect alveoli
  • lines alveolar surface and acts as “grease”/ lubricant to reduce surface tension.
  • too much surface tension = fluid in alveoli
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9
Q

What are the 2 properties that contribute to the “Elasticity” of the lung?

A
  1. Recoil: lung’s ability to rebound after being stretched
  2. Compliance: lungs ability to stretch with ease.

-These factors are opposites of each other

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10
Q

NEGATIVE is normal lung pressure. What does NEGATIVE pressure maintained by?

A
  • elasticity (recoil and compliance)
  • osmotic force (pressure gradient)
  • lymphatic pump (filter blood)
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11
Q

Which is the MECHANICAL control of ventilation?

A

Lung and chest wall

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12
Q

Which is the NEUROLOGICAL control of ventilation?

A

Brain – respiratory center – chemoreceptors: senses changes in partial pressure of CO2, O2, and pH

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13
Q

What is Dead Space?

A

Space of trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

- no air contact with capillaries (no O2/CO2 exchange)

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14
Q

What is V/Q relationship?

A

V - ventilation
Q - perfusion

  • Ratio between air in lungs and perfusion in capillaries
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15
Q

What are the ways O2 is transported

Hint: 2 ways

A
  1. Dissolved state in plasma - PO2

2. Combined with Hgb

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16
Q

Describe PO2 & is it efficient? Runner or car?

A

“RUNNER on highway”

PO2 - partial pressure of oxygen (how much O2 in in plasma

NOT efficient but useful during CO-poisoning; Hb is stuck on CO and O2 becomes useless transport

17
Q

Describe OxyHgb & is it efficient? Runner or car?

A

“CAR on highway”

OxyHgb - O2 bound to hemoglobin
MOST and VERY efficient

18
Q

Describe the OxyHgb transport system…

A

O2 ultimately binds with RBC through AC-membrane then…
RBC + Hgb = OxyHgb
Oxygen moves from capillaries to meet tissue needs
(OxyHgb dissociation and 2,3 DPG important!!!)

19
Q

When is it significant to have a Right Shift?

A
  • states where body wants easier O2-Hgb dissociation/come off easier
    i. e: Exercising or hemorrhagic shock
20
Q

When is it significant to have a Left Shift?

A
  • states where bod O2 sticks onto HgB and it is difficult to unbind O2 from HgB
    i. e: Septic shock
21
Q

Increase in 2,3-DPG means…

A

Right Shift

22
Q

Decrease in 2,3-DPG means…

A

Left Shift

23
Q

What are the 3 major types of pulmonary function testing?

A
  1. Lung volumes
  2. Lung capacities
  3. Diffusion capacities
24
Q

What do PFTs delineate/show?

A

Delineates pathology of …
RESTRICTIVE (expansion issue)
OBSTRUCTIVE (blockage/flow issues)

25
Q

FEV/FVC > 75% is…

A

good; less risk of obstructive disease

26
Q

FEV/FVC < 75% is…

A

bad; more risk of obstructive disease

27
Q

What is diffusion capacities used for?

A

Pt inhales CO (controlled amount) to examine gas and calculate diffusion.

This test is important to use to distinguish between COPD and asthma pt’s.

28
Q

What is the significance behind ABGs

A

Arterial blood gas will allow you to see how much gas exchange is happening in real time.

  • used in acute respiratory issues, hypoxemia, cardiac arrest
  • Arterial b/c arteries are oxygenated!

MIG (4 decks)

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