Patho Exam 2

Question 1

3 locations of an AKi

Answer 1

Pre- renal
Intra-renal
Post-renal

Question 2

Prerenal AKI causes

Answer 2

• Hypovolemia
  -Lowered effective circulatory volume( liver failure and CHF) which lowers GFR by lowering hydrostatic pressure and easing osmotic
  -Impaired renal regulation ( cause by NSAIDs, ace inhibitors, ARVs, cyclosporines

Question 3

3 phrases of AKI

Answer 3

1) onset
2) Oligurua
3 recovery/ polyuric/ diuretic phase

Question 4

Intrarenal kidney injury causes

Answer 4

-Glomerulonephritis
-interstitial disease( 🦠 nephrotoxin)
- tubuler disease caused by acute tubuler necrosis, caused by prolonged ischemia
- from infection , injury or nephrotoxin
- vascular disease

Question 5

Another Cause of AKI

Answer 5

Failure of auto regulation mechanism in kidney

Question 6

What is AKI

Answer 6

Rapid decline in kidney function leads to failure to maintain fluid , electrolytes and acid base balances
Which lowers GFR

Question 7

Who is at risk for AKI?

Answer 7

Infants and young children d/t fluid loss- they’re less able to concentrate urine- prone to acidosis -

Older adults d/t natual GFR decline with age , and reducing drug clearance - decreased renal vascularity and CO- lowered effectivedness of ADH- polypharmacy - reduced thirst response

Question 8

Cause of CKD

Answer 8

All of AKi and
azotemia , Polyuria, hypovolemia
Uremic syndrome

Question 9

Azotemia

Answer 9

Elevated urea and nitrogen in the blood