Patho C PQ's Flashcards by Henriette Wisnes

What does erysipelas cause?

a. Enlarged spleen
b. Never enlarged spleen
c. Necrosis of phallus
d. No lesions in chickens

a. Enlarged spleen

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The chronic respiratory disease complex (CRD) of poultry may be caused by?

a. Mycoplasma gallisepticum
b. Mycoplasma meleagridis
c. Turkey rhinotracheitis virus (TRT)
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

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Which organs are affected in the late state of malleus?

a. Mucous membranes of nasal cavity, skin
b. Lungs, heart
c. GI tract
d. Spleen, liver, adrenal glands

a. Mucous membranes of nasal cavity, skin

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The malleotic nodule is?

a. Proliferative inflammatory nodule
b. Abscess with dried content
c. Pyogranuloma with narrow demarcation zone
d. Circumscribed lymphangiectasia

c. Pyogranuloma with narrow demarcation zone

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Why is it called “swollen head” disease?

a. Because of the pathogen
b. Because of the oedema of the head
c. Because of the sinusitis
d. Because of the enlargement of the crests

b. Because of the oedema of the head

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What lesions are typically seen in case of viraemia in birds?

a. Serous peritonitis
b. Splenomegaly
c. Airsacculitis
d. Diarrhoea

c. Airsacculitis

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The focal proliferative pneumonia in poultry is typical for?

a. Salmonella sp. infections
b. Tuberculosis
c. Fowl cholera
d. Newcastle disease

b. Tuberculosis

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In Newcastle disease the pathological lesion(s) is/are?

a. Pneumonia and enteritis
b. Proliferative interstitial pneumonia
c. Serous-fibrinous-necrotic pneumonia
d. Serous-fibrinous airsacculitis and rhinitis

a. Pneumonia and enteritis

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Which of the following is the most common cause of pneumomycosis in birds?

a. Mucor sp.
b. Candida sp.
c. Aspergillus sp.
d. All of the above

c. Aspergillus sp.

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How does the pneumomycosis most often develop in birds?

a. Via aerogenous route
b. Via metastasis
c. Per os infection
d. All of the above can occur

a. Via aerogenous route

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Which of the following diseases causes granulomatous pneumonia in birds?

a. Newcastle disease
b. Mycoplasmosis
c. Psittacosis
d. Mycosis

d. Mycosis

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What is an often observed complication in birds in case of pneumomycosis?

a. Airsac mycosis
b. Metastasis to the brain
c. Metastasis to the eyeball
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

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What is the typical age group in birds for pneumomycosis?

a. Up to a few weeks after hatching
b. Between 6 months and 2 years
c. Only in old age
d. Only in young age

a. Up to a few weeks after hatching

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Who has a spotted egg?

a. Chicken
b. Turkey
c. Goose
d. Duck

b. Turkey

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Which endocrine organ has a major role in the ossification process?

a. Thyroid gland
b. Parathyroid gland
c. Adrenal gland cortex
d. Adrenal gland medulla

b. Parathyroid gland

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Arthrosis can be defined as?

a. Inflammatory process in the entire joint
b. Inflammatory process in the articular cartilage
c. Regressive changes in the ligament of the joint
d. Regressive changes in the joint cartilage

d. Regressive changes in the joint cartilage

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Besides the muscular pathology, what other changes can be seen in birds with vitamin E and Se deficiency?

a. Haemorrhages and oedema
b. Exudative diathesis and encephalomalacia
c. Hyperkeratosis in the gizzard and hepatic abscesses
d. Nephrosis and dermatosis

b. Exudative diathesis and encephalomalacia

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Which of the following changes are characteristic for rickets?

a. Uncalcified cartilage and osteoid tissue in the growing zone
b. Connective tissue in the metaphysis
c. Deformation of the bone
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

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In which case is there a decreased osteoid formation in the traberculae of the bones?

a. Ca deficiency
b. Zn deficiency
c. Niacin deficiency
d. Protein deficiency

a. Ca deficiency

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What is one inner criteria leading to the development of constitutional myopathy?

a. Anaerobic glycolysis
b. Fatty degeneration of myocytes
c. Amyloidosis of myocytes
d. Cloudy swelling of myocytes

b. Fatty degeneration of myocytes

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What are the properties of the of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasterurella multocida?

a. Obligate pathogens
b. Pyogen bacteria
c. Can cause zoonosis
d. Facultative pathogen

d. Facultative pathogen

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Which is the main form of pneumonias?

a. The diphteroid
b. The kongophil
c. The croupous
d. None of the above

c. The croupous

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The pneumoanthracosis ?

a. Is the discolouration of the lung interstitium
b. Is the consequence of carbon inhalation
c. Suggests lung haemorrhage
d. Is hyperplasia of melanocytes

b. Is the consequence of carbon inhalation

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Which bacteria can cause proventriculitis?

a. Pox virus
b. Adeno virus
c. Corona virus
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

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What is Oregon-disease? a. Necrosis of the deep pectoral muscle in broiler chicken b. Necrosis of the M. longissimus dorsi in swine c. Stress syndrome of pigs, death due to transportation d. Akylosis of the shoulder joint in broiler chicken

a. Necrosis of the deep pectoral muscle in broiler chicken

Which of the following leads to osteopetrosis in birds? a. Retro virus b. Manganese deficiency c. Manganese toxicity d. Hypoparathyroidism

a. Retro virus | sarcoma, leukosis

What happens in EDS | (Egg drop syndrome)?

A drop in egg production | perhaps soft shelled caused by Adenovirus

Which strain can cause death in ND (Newcastle Disease)?

Velogenic

What is the causative agent of Coryza?

Avibacterium paragallinarum

What is the different name for hydropericardium?

Increased pulmonary arterial pressure disease

What is a lesion for Derzys disease?

Sero-fibrinous fluid in cavities

What is the susceptible age for Derzys disease? a. Embryo b. 1-2 weeks c. 1-4 weeks d. 3-4 weeks

c. 1-4 weeks

What lesions can be found in the proventriculus in Newcastle disease?

Haemorrhages

What is the susceptible age for Rimerelliosis? a. 2-3 weeks b. 2-8 weeks c. 7-8 weeks d. 3-7 weeks

b. 2-8 weeks

Which species are susceptible to Rimerelliosis? a. Chicken and duck b. Chicken and goose c. Turkey and duck d. Goose and duck

d. Goose and duck

What is haemorrhagic syndrome is caused by?

Alternaria toxins (tenuazonic acid)

Which species can get infectious anaemia? a. Duck b. Chicken c. Goose d. Turkey

b. Chicken

Why does aortic rupture occur?

Due to genetic factors, in females, 2-3 weeks of age Also malnutrition and / of Zn deficiency

Which young birds can be determined by the colour of their feet and beak?

Guinea fowl

What does rupture/degradation of follicles lead to?

Serositis

What is the route of mycosis infection in young birds?

Inhalation

Where does infectious bronchitis start?

Lower 1/3 or trachea

What is osteomyelosclerosis?

Another word for osteothesaurismosis

What does laryngeal tracheitis cause?

No viraemia

What is the causative agent of haemorrhagic tracheitis?

Herpesviridae --> Alphaherpesviridae --> Infectious laryngeotracheitis virus (ILTV) (Gallid herpesvirus I)

Infectious coryza can infect chickens and?

Pheasant, guinea fowl

Which pathogen causes sinusitis in turkeys?

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

What can picking on the cloaca lead to?

Bleeding out

How long is the Duck plague virus shed by an infected animal?

Lifelong

What is Ornithobacterium?

Facultative pathogen

Where does infectious bronchitis first replicate?

Respiratory epithelium

When are the animals susceptible to infectious bursitis?

Up to 4 months

What lesions are caused by very virulent strains in infectious bursitis?

Necrotic-haemorrhagic bursitis

What is the causative agent of Arizonosis?

Salmonella arizonae

What is the quail disease?

Ulcerative enteritis, caused by Clostridium colinum

Which species are affected by Trichomonosis?

Pigeons

What age are mostly affected by Trichomonosis?

Young squabs, adults are just carriers

What is the pathogen of gangrenous dermatitis?

Clostridium septicum, Cl. perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus

What is cellulitis?

Inflammation of subcutaneous tissue

What is the causative agent for fowl cholera?

Pasteurella multocida | less virulent strain

Which virus can cause proventriculus lesions?

Virulent strain of infectious bursitis

What is the most common primary lesion location for tuberculosis?

Intestines

When does the air chamber appear in the egg?

Day 5, due to loss of moisture, and cooling of content

Where is the eggshell pigment formed in the genital tract?

In the uterus (vagina transition), glands produce protoporfyrin

How can you differentiate Coli-granulomatosis in the liver from tuberculosis?

Stain the bacteria, Ziehl-Neelson for Mycobacterium

What species has crop milk?

Pigeons, doves (Galliform birds)

Mortality/morbidity of PEMS/PEC?

Up to 100% in turkey

What does intestines look like in malabsorption?

Grey, dilated, undigested food, degeneration of villi

What causes uricosis in a day old chick?

Vitamin A deficiency and/or mycotoxins —> degenerate in kidney during hatching

Pathological findings in Derzy’s disease?

Hydropericardium, rounded heart

What part of the skeleton is affected by spondylosisthesis?

6th thoracic vertebrae, deformity which cause spinal compression and paralysis Skeletal disease in turkey

What happens to the yolk sac?

Normally absorbed the day before hatching (20-21st day), then digested in first weeks of life

Which opening is the yolk absorbed through?

Ductus vitello intestinalis

What happens in Clostridium botulinum infection?

Toxins are produced, goes to medulla, causes fatal motor paralysis

What is the thickness of epiphyseal cartilage in bird species?

1-3mm

What organ is affected in “black head disease”?

Liver, caecum

What causes “black head disease”?

Histomonas meleagridis, protozoic parasite

What is osteothesaurismosis?

Physiologic accumulation of Ca in bone (long bones) or eggshell

What is the causative agent of Derzy’s disease?

Parvovirus

What is the causative agent for “mushy chick disease”?

Non-infectious - inadequate nutrition in layer, bad egg handling, hatching problems Infectious - Salmonella, E. coli

What is the pathology of “mushy chick disease”?

Decreased bodyweight, inflammation of yolk-sac, omphalitis, Open navel

What is the most common pathogen causing embryonic death in the first trimester?

Mycoplasma iowae

What are the clinical signs of Derzy’s disease?

Opisthotonus, loss of feathers around eyes, abnormal movement

Which species are mostly affected by Histomonosis?

Turkeys

Which bacteria does not cause gangrene?

Pasteurella multocida

What is the main feature of Campylobacter jejuni?

Septicaemia

In which disease can we see Bollinger bodies?

Avian pox virus

What is the vector of Borrelia?

Avian tick

What does acute borreliosis cause in geese?

Diarrhoea and emaciation

What does aracuna give?

Green eggs

What is Ca deposits in long bones called?

Osteothesaurisomosis

What keeps the yolk in the centre of the egg?

Chalazea

What is malabsorption?

Lowered nutrient uptake from GI tract

When is fatty infiltration of the liver pathological in young birds?

3 weeks (20 days)

Why does pododermatitis often occur during diarrhoea?

Exudation of skin? Uric acid of the faeces

What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause in eggs?

Mixing of the content

What is the cause of rickets?

Vitamin D and/or phosphorous and/or calcium deficiency

What causes rickets-like osteopathies? | In geese

Niacin deficiency

What is characteristic of osteoporosis?

Decomposition of bone trabercule is normal, but osteogenesis is slow

What causes osteopetrosis in birds?

Retro virus

When does rickets affect chickens?

5-6 weeks (3)

What does bacterial spondylitis in birds usually affect?

6th thoracic vertebrae

What does mycotic spondylitis in birds usually affect?

6th Thoracic vertebrae

What does influenza virus cause in chickens?

Microencephaly

What causes “crazy chicken disease”?

Vitamin E deficiency

When does “crazy chicken disease” manifest?

3-6 week old poultry

What is inflammation of the grey matter of the brain/spinal cord called?

Polioencephalitis / Poliomyelitis

What is inflammation of the white matter of the brain/spinal cord called?

Leukoencephalitis / Myelitis

What is the usual effect of septicaemia?

Enlarged spleen

What is the cause of death in uricosis?

Kidney failure, | Ureter obturation, etc.

What is the susceptible age for haemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys?

4-11 weeks

Which of the following is true for perosis?

The tendon of the gastrocnemius slips off

Osteomalacia is...?

Defective bone mineralisation

Which of the following is true for Osteoporosis?

There is a severe rarefaction in the spongy structure of the bone

What does amyelia mean?

Congenital lack of spinal cord

Which of the following is classified by osteoclast hyper function?

Osteodystrophia fibrosa

Perosis develops due to?

Mn deficiency

What is the cause of the ossification disorder observed in newborn piglets?

Congenital rickets

In which of the following does optic nerve compression frequently occur?

Vitamin A deficiency

During osteothesaurismosis...

There is no deformation in the tubular bones

Which of the following conditions is characteristic for the bones of an unused limb?

Osteoporosis

Which is true for osteodystrophia fibrosa?

In animals it is usually a secondary pathological process

What does poliomyelitis mean?

Inflammation of grey matter of the spinal cord

Which of the following is a congenital bone development disorder?

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteodystrophia fibrosa frequently occur in?

Facial bones / Ribs / Vertebrae / Long tubular bones

Which of the following changes can be observed in case of myositis chronica eosinophilica?

Eosinophil granulocyte inflammation of the masticatory muscles

Which histopathological change is characteristic for infectious spongiform encephalopathy?

Formation of amyloid plaques due to neuronal inflammation

At what age can hydrocephaly develop?

Any age

What does panostetitis stand for?

Simultaneous inflammation of the bone and periosteum

Which of the following is correct in case of Koves disease?

It is caused by Clostridium septicum, and it affects swine

What type of hepatocytes?

Immature (duck viral hepatitis, young)

Differences between baby ducklings and chicks?

Ducks have elongated beaks and swimfeet

Where is the primary lesion of Runting-stunting syndrome appear?

Intestines

Where are the necrotic foci found in histomonosis?

Liver

Picture: Egg without shell / with thin shell

Decreased mineralisation

What are the pathological lesions of Duck plague?

Haemorrhages | Fibrinous inflammation

What lesions are typically seen in case of viraemia in birds? a. Serous peritonitis b. Splenomegaly c. Air sacculitis d. Diarrhoea

c. Air sacculitis

What is the typical location for pneumonia caused by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae? a. Diffusely in all lobes of the lung b. In the caudal part of the diaphragmatic lobes c. In the cranial and middle lobes d. In the dorsal part of the diaphragmatic lobes

b. In the caudal part of the diaphragmatic lobes

Fumonizin toxicosis in swine causes a. Lung oedema in fattening pigs b. Reproduction disorders c. Normoplastic anaemia d. Nephropathy

d. Nephropathy

White string on the follicle that breaks when the egg is released

Stigma

Which birds have Bulla ossea syrinx?

Male mallard duck

Which birds have Bulla ossea syrinx?

Male mallard duck

What does vitamin E deficiency cause?

Brain lesions | --> Cerebral oedema, Zener necrosis, regressive changes in CNA / spinal cord, exudative diathesis in chicken

What does Staphylococcus aureus cause? a. Folliculitis b. Cellulitis c. Pododermatitis d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What does mycoplasma synoviae cause?

Tenosynovitis and arthritis

What does rimerellosis cause?

Exudative serositis

What causes Angara disease?

Adenovirus | Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome

Campylobacter affects mainly

Layer chickens

Typical age of turkey coryza?

2-6 weeks

What causes caseous colitis? a. Rough feed b. Salmonella c. Intestinal spirochaetosis d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What causes haemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys?

Adenovirus

What causes duck plague?

Alphaherpesvirus

Where is E. tenella in bird?

Caecum

What the does mesogenic strain of Newcastle disease cause?

Vireaemia and respiratory lesions in young chicks Neural signs and decreased egg production in adults

What does viral entritides cause? a. Malsecretion b. Malabsorbtion c. Maldigestrion d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What age does necrotic enteritis occur in chicken?

2-5 weeks

What age does necrotic fatty infiltration of the liver affect turkey?

12-14 weeks

Peracute viral hepatitis causes?

Necrotic haemorrhage liver dystrophy

What does gizzerosine cause?

Ulceration of gizzard

Acute fowl typhoid causes?

Acute septic hyperaemic splenitis

Sudden death often occurs in

meat type birds

Picture: Joint Which on the following could cause this lesion? a. Orthoreovirus b. Staphylococcus aureus c. M. synoviae d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Vitamin B1 deficiency causes

Degeneration of myelin sheaths and Schwann calls

Hen paralysis...

Marek's disease