patho Flashcards
def of hyperplasia
increase in no of cells
def of involution
decrease in no of cells
def of hypoplasia
underdevt of tissue/organ (usually congenital)
def of hypotrophy
increase cell size
Atrophy: decrease in no and size of cells (wasting)
def of dysplasia
disorderly growth
def of metaplasia
change in cell type
mech of cell injury
- cell membrane damage
- mitochondrial damage
- ribosomal damage
- nuclear damage
early changes in cell injury
- cytoplasmic swelling
- mitochondrial + ER swelling
- clumping of nuclear chromatin
late changes in cell injury
- densities in mitochondrial matrix
- cell membrane disruption
- nuclear shrinkage (pyknosis), dissolution (karyolysis), break up (karyorrhexis)
- lysosome rupture
def of inflam
response to offending agents, by vascularised tissues, bringing to itself vascularised cells and molecules from circulation in order to eliminate offending agents
causes of acute inflam
- infection and toxins
- tissue necrosis
- foreign bodies
- immune reactions
5 cardinal signs of inflam
- pain
- swelling
- redness
- warmth
- loss of func
cause of chronic inflam
- persistent infections that resist elimination (eg. TB)
- hypersensitivity diseases
- prolonged exposure to toxic agents
def of granuloma
aggregates of epithelioid histiocytes often w central necrosis and seen as multinucleated Langhans giant cells surrounded by T cells and neutrophils
