Patho Flashcards
Most common cause for secondary hypertension
Renal artery stenosis
Treebark appearance of aorta
3 syphilis
What is the first-line drug to lower the LDL?
Statin
Q wave are usually absent in NSTEMI
T/F
ARE THEY PRESENT IN STEMI?
T
Yes
Gold standard to diagnose MI is
ECG
50% of PVD are asymptomatic
Physical examination findings of pvd
• Weak or absent peripheral pulses
• Bruits on auscultation
• Poor wound healing from impaired perfusion
• Cool, pallid skin; prolonged capillary refill
• Shiny, atrophied skin with missing hair; ungual dystrophy
Intermittent claudication is seen in
PDA
What is the most common cardiomyopathy?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
90% of the cases
What are the causes of dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Often Idiopathic or familial there is a mutation on dystrophin gene
Other etiologies include chronic Alcohol abuse, wet Beriberi, Coxsackie B viral myocarditis, chronic Cocaine use, Chagas disease, Doxorubicin toxicity, hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, thyrotoxicosis, peripartum cardiomyopathy.
Fever+ new murmur
Infective endocarditis
Acute myocarditis
Causes:
Viral infection: coxsackievirus, adenovirus, and influenza.
Bacterial (eg, tuberculosis).
Parasitic (eg, Chagas disease).
Rheumatologic disease (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic fever).
› Associated with endocarditis of prosthetic valves.
Staphylococcus epidermidis:
• Associated with endocarditis in patients with underlying colorectal carcinoma.
Streptococcus bovis:
Associated with endocarditis with negative blood cultures.
HACEK organisms
> (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter [formerly Actinobacillus], Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella)
most common cause in IV drug abusers.
S aureus
The most common overall cause.
Viridans
HACEK organisms
(Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter [formerly Actinobacillus], Cardiobacterium,
Eikenella, Kingella)
Coxiella burnetti, Bartonella spp also for negative culture
Clinical features of rheumatic fever
Acute/subacute
Migratory arthritis
Pancarditis
Sydenham chorea
Chronic
Mitral regurgitation/stenosis
Acute pericarditis
Commonly presents with sharp pain, aggravated by inspiration, and relieved by sitting up and leaning forward.
Triphasic friction rub is associated with
Pericarditis
Friction rub occur ;
Triphasic friction rub (occurring during atrial systole, ventricular systole, and early ventricular
diastole) on cardiac auscultation; however, the rub can be absent if significant pericardial
effusion is present.l,
Where do you see pericardial knock
Constrictive pericarditis
equilibration of diastolic pressure in all heart chambers seen in
Cardiac tamponade
