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CV > Patho > Flashcards

Patho Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause for secondary hypertension

A

Renal artery stenosis

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2
Q

Treebark appearance of aorta

A

3 syphilis

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3
Q

What is the first-line drug to lower the LDL?

A

Statin

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4
Q

Q wave are usually absent in NSTEMI
T/F
ARE THEY PRESENT IN STEMI?

A

T
Yes

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5
Q

Gold standard to diagnose MI is

A

ECG

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6
Q

50% of PVD are asymptomatic

A
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7
Q

Physical examination findings of pvd

A

• Weak or absent peripheral pulses
• Bruits on auscultation
• Poor wound healing from impaired perfusion
• Cool, pallid skin; prolonged capillary refill
• Shiny, atrophied skin with missing hair; ungual dystrophy

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8
Q

Intermittent claudication is seen in

A

PDA

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9
Q

What is the most common cardiomyopathy?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy
90% of the cases

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10
Q

What are the causes of dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A

Often Idiopathic or familial there is a mutation on dystrophin gene

Other etiologies include chronic Alcohol abuse, wet Beriberi, Coxsackie B viral myocarditis, chronic Cocaine use, Chagas disease, Doxorubicin toxicity, hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, thyrotoxicosis, peripartum cardiomyopathy.

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11
Q

Fever+ new murmur

A

Infective endocarditis

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12
Q

Acute myocarditis
Causes:

A

Viral infection: coxsackievirus, adenovirus, and influenza.
Bacterial (eg, tuberculosis).
Parasitic (eg, Chagas disease).
Rheumatologic disease (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic fever).

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13
Q

› Associated with endocarditis of prosthetic valves.

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis:

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14
Q

• Associated with endocarditis in patients with underlying colorectal carcinoma.

A

Streptococcus bovis:

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15
Q

Associated with endocarditis with negative blood cultures.

A

HACEK organisms
> (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter [formerly Actinobacillus], Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella)

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16
Q

most common cause in IV drug abusers.

A

S aureus

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17
Q

The most common overall cause.

A

Viridans

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18
Q

HACEK organisms

A

(Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter [formerly Actinobacillus], Cardiobacterium,
Eikenella, Kingella)

Coxiella burnetti, Bartonella spp also for negative culture

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19
Q

Clinical features of rheumatic fever

A

Acute/subacute
Migratory arthritis
Pancarditis
Sydenham chorea
Chronic
Mitral regurgitation/stenosis

20
Q

Acute pericarditis

A

Commonly presents with sharp pain, aggravated by inspiration, and relieved by sitting up and leaning forward.

21
Q

Triphasic friction rub is associated with

A

Pericarditis

22
Q

Friction rub occur ;

A

Triphasic friction rub (occurring during atrial systole, ventricular systole, and early ventricular
diastole) on cardiac auscultation; however, the rub can be absent if significant pericardial
effusion is present.l,

23
Q

Where do you see pericardial knock

A

Constrictive pericarditis

24
Q

equilibration of diastolic pressure in all heart chambers seen in

A

Cardiac tamponade

25
Q

Pulsus paradoxus is seen in

A

cardiac tamponade, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, croup.

26
Q

Usually described as ball valve

A

Myxoma

27
Q

Where do you best hear tricuspid regurgitation?

A

2 and 3rd left ics

28
Q

Ejection type systolic murmur

A

Aortic stenosis

29
Q

Decescendo murmur

A

AR

30
Q

Austin flint murmur

A

Severe AR

31
Q

Best heard when patient in left lateral decubitus position

A

MR

32
Q

What is the Etiology of vasculitis

A

Etiology is usually unknown; most cases are not infectious.

33
Q

Lungs are spared in

A

PAN

34
Q

Associated w hepatitis B

A

PAN

35
Q

string-of-pearls’ appearance on imaging.

A

PAN

36
Q

String of beads angiography?

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

37
Q

Xanthomas are

A

Plaques / nodules composed of lipid laden histiocytes in skin

38
Q

Xanthelasama

A

Xanthoma on eyelids

39
Q

Corneal arcus is

A

Lipid deposit in cornea

40
Q

Pathologic Q wave

A

More than 2 boxes

41
Q

Apical interventricular septal
Basal

A

Lad
RCA

42
Q

Worse when lying flat

A

Pericarditis

43
Q

Restrictive/ infiltrative cardiomyopathy cause

A

Diastolic HF

44
Q

Pericardial knock

A

Constrictive pericarditis

45
Q

Ejection type systolic murmur

A

AS

CV (3 decks)

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