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CV > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Atrial wall consist of mix of ordinary cardiac muscle and purkinje fibers
True/false

A

True

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2
Q

What are the internodal conduction paths?

A

1 anterior internodal path
2 middle internodal path
3 posterior internodal path

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3
Q

Describe the anterior internodal path

A

leaves the anterior end of SA node & passes anterior to SVC opening.
It descends on the atrial septum & ends in the atrioventricular node.

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4
Q

True or false middle internodal pathway descends through crista terminalis & the valve of IVC to the AV node.

A

False
leaves the posterior end of SA node & passes posterior to SVC opening.
Alarm

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5
Q

True or false
Middle internodal pathway leaves the anterior end of SA node.

A

False
Posterior

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6
Q

Posterior internodal pathway?

A

leaves the posterior part of SA node & descends through crista terminalis & the valve of IVC to the AV node.

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7
Q

Describe the five steps of impulse conduction through the heart?

A

STEP 1:
SA node activity and atrial activation begin.
Time = 0
STEP 4:
The impulse travels along the interventricular septum within the AV bundle and the bundle branches to the Purkinie fibers and, via the moderator band, to the papillary muscles of the right ventricle.
Elapsed time = 175 msec
STEP 2:
Stimulus spreads across the atrial surfaces and reaches the
AV node.
Elapsed time = 50 msec
AV node
STEP 5:
The imputse is distributed by Purkinje fibers and relayed throughout the ventricular myocardium. Atrial contraction is completed, and ventricular contraction begins
Elapsed time = 225 msec
Purkinie fibers
AV bundle
I STEP 3:
There is a 100-msec delay at the AV node. Atrial contraction begins.
Elapsed time = 150 msec6

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8
Q

What is the time taken for the stimulus to reach AV node?

A

50msec

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9
Q

How long does is the delay in the AV node?

A

100msec

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10
Q

How longer does impulse conduction in the heart take?

A

225msec

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11
Q

The AV node is the only route by which the cardiac impulse can spread from the atria to the ventricles.
A. True
B. False

A

B false av bundle

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of defective conduction through the bundle or its branches?

A

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries

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13
Q

Failure of the bundle to conduct the normal impulses results in:

A

Arrhythmia

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14
Q

What will happen if complete AV bundle block occurs?

A

complete dissociation between the atria & ventricular rates of contraction.

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15
Q

What is commotio cordis?

A

an often lethal disruption of heart rhythm that occurs as a result of a blow to the area directly over the heart at a critical time during the cycle of a heart beat causing cardiac arrest.

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16
Q

Commotio cordis caused by mechanical damage
T/F

A

False, it’s ventricular fibrillation

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17
Q

The fatality rate in commotio cordis is about —-%even with prompt CPR & defibrillation, & more than ——% without.

A

65%
80%

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18
Q

Commotio cordis occurs mostly in old men
T/F

A

False, it occurs mostly in boys and young men

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19
Q

From where do right and left coronary arteries arise?

A

Ascending aorta

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20
Q

Right and left coronary arteries arise from the ascending aorta immediately below the aortic valve.
T/F

A

False, above the valve

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21
Q

The coronary arteries & their major branches are distributed over the surface of the heart, lying within ————- connective tissue.

A

subepicardial

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22
Q

Right coronary artery arises from:

A

Anterior aortic sinus

23
Q

Left bundle branch is only supplied by LCA
T/F

A

F, a part of it is supplied by RCA

24
Q

All of the right ventricle is supplied by right coronary artery
T/F

A

False, it’s supplied by right coronary artery, except a small area of to the right of anterior interventricular groove , which is supplied by left coronary artery

25
Q

Right bundle branch is supplied by:
A. Right coronary artery.
B. Left coronary artery.
C. Right and left coronary arteries
D. Ascending aorta

A

B

26
Q

AV node is always supplied by right coronary artery
T/F

A

True

27
Q

SA node may be supplied by left coronary artery
T/F

A

T

28
Q

What is the largest vein of the heart?
A. Great cardiac vein
B. Posterior cardiac vein
C. Coronary sinus
D. Middle cardiac vein

A

C

29
Q

Name the branches of vertebral artery in the neck

A

Muscular artery spinal artery

30
Q

Name the branches of vertebral artery in the skull

A

Meningea, ant. & post. spinal, posterior inferior cerebellar & medullary arteries.

31
Q

What are the branches of thyrocervical trunk?

A

Inf thyroid
Superficial cervical
Suprascapular

32
Q

Where does internal thoracic artery branch ?
A 4th intercostal space
B 6th intercostal space
C 8th intercostal space
D 12th intercostal space

A

B

It descends vertically one fingerbreadth lateral to the sternum; in the sixth Intercostal space, it divides into the superior epigastric & the musculophrenic arteries.

33
Q

What are the branches of internal thoracic artery?

A

Epigastric artery
Musculophrenic

34
Q

branches of 2nd part of subclavian artery

A

The costocervical trunk runs backward over the dome of the pleura & divides into the:
Superior intercostal artery, which supplies the 1st & the 2nd intercostal spaces.
Deep cervical artery, which supplies the deep muscles of the neck.

35
Q

What does deep cervical artery supply?

A

Deep muscles of the neck

36
Q

Third part of subclavian artery always has zero branches T/F

A

F

Usually has no branches.
• Occasionally, the superficial cervical arteries, the suprascapular arteries, or both arise from this part.

37
Q

Veins of the brain thin walled and contain valves
T/F

A

F
They contain no valves

38
Q

Venous sinuses in brain have thick walls, but have no valves.

A

Situated between the periosteal& the meningeal layer of the dura mater.
• They have thick, fibrous walls, but so;
they possess no valves.

39
Q

Which veins connect the veins of the scalp to the venous sinuses & are an important route for the spread of infection).
A brain veins
B venous sinus
C diploic
D emissary

A

D

40
Q

What are the branches of hepatic artery?

A

The right gastric artery arises at the upper border of the pylorus & runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to anastomose with the left gastric artery.

The gastroduodenal artery is a large
branch that descends behind the first
part of the duodenum.
• Divides into right gastroepiploic &
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
The right & left hepatic arteries enter the porta hepatis.
• The right hepatic gives off the cystic artery, to the neck of the galbladder.

41
Q

T/F
Gastrodoudenal artery gives rise to left gastroepilopic

A

False right branch

42
Q

The right hepatic gives off the cystic artery, to the neck of the gallbladder.
T/F

A

T

43
Q

What are the branches of inferior mesenteric artery?

A

The left colic artery runs upward & to the left & supplies the distal 1/3 of transverse colon, left colic flexure & upper part of descending colon.
The sigmoid arteries (2-3) supply the descending & sigmoid colon.
The superior rectal artery is a continuation of the IMA as it crosses the left common iliac artery.
It descends into the pelvis, supplies the rectum & upper ½ of anal canal & anastomoses with the middle & inferior rectal arteries.

44
Q

Marginal artery is around the concave margin of the large intestine
T/f

A

T

45
Q

Left renal artery is longer than right renal artery, and accompanied with inferior vena cava
T/f

A

False
Right

46
Q

Middle suprarenal artery arises from renal artery, true or false

A

Falls it arises from the sides of the aorta
Inferior suprarenal artery arises from renal artery

47
Q

Portal vein is formed by union of:

A

Superior mesenteric
Splenic

48
Q

What are the tributaries of portal vein?

A

The splenic vein r Superior mesenteric vein
Left gastric vein
Right gastric vein.
Cystic veins.

49
Q

Where does axillary artery end?

A

I the lower border of teres major muscle

50
Q

What is the main arterial supply for lower limb?

A

Femoral artery

51
Q

Where does femoral artery end?

A

Ends at the opening in the adductor magnus muscle by entering the popliteal space as popliteal artery.

52
Q

What does popliteal artery ends?

A

It ends at the level of the lower border of the popliteus muscle by dividing into anterior & posterior tibial arteries.

53
Q

In front of the ankle joint it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

Anterior tibial artery

54
Q

terminates by dividing into medial & lateral plantar arteries?

A

Posterior tibial artery

CV (3 decks)

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