pathetique Flashcards
who composed it?
ludwig van beethoven
in which era was it composed?
just at the end of classical period (1798)
is there extreme dynamic contrast?
yes
what does pathétique mean?
suffering
at which dynamic level is the piece finished?
ff
what is the texture at the start of the intro?
chordal homophony
texture at end of intro?
monophonic
cadence in bar 9?
interrupted cadence (V-VI)
what is the structure?
sonata form
what are the three sections of sonata form
- exposition
- development
- recapitulation
is having an introduction typical in piano sonatas?
yeah, but not necessary
is there an introduction in this piece?
yes
is sonata form a classical or romantic feature?
classical
what are the names of the 3 sections in this exposition?
- 1st subject (mannheim rocket + transition theme)
- 2nd subject (lyrical theme + new theme)
- codetta
is manheim rocket classical or romantic?
classical
describe the harmony in the first subject
- functional harmony (perfect cadences in C minor)
is there pedal in the first section?
yes
how does the first subject end?
a dominant pedal (Bb) for the new key (Eb min) in the second subject
key of 1st subject?
and is that typical for sonata form?
C minor
yes - it is the tonic key
is the first subject conjunct or disjunct?
conjunct (mainly)
what is the range of the first subject?
about 2 octaves
is the first subject staccato or legato?
staccato
does the first subject feature descending arpeggios?
yes, in bars 28-29 and 33-34
which part of the first subject features an ascending sequence?
the very end - transition theme
metre of introduction?
common time (44)
metre of first subject?
2 2
tempo of first subject
allegro di molto e con brio (faster and with vigour)
in which part of the second subject is the hand switching found?
the very start
it happens because the right hand melody starts at a lower pitch than the left hand part
what does ‘sotto’ mean?
under
which key does the second subject start in? (what key is the lyrical theme?)
is this typical for sonata form?
Eb minor
no, it should be Eb major - the relative major of the tonic
does the second subject feature modulations?
yes, to Db major and then to Eb major
is the lyrical theme of the second subject ornamented?
yes, acciaccaturas at the start and upper mordents in the middle and end
is the lyrical theme conjunct or disjunct
conjunct
is the lyrical theme ascending or descending?
descending
what is the key of the new theme?
Eb major
does the new theme have an alberti bass?
yes
is alberti bass classical or romantic?
classical
do the hands move in parallel motion in the new theme?
no, they move in contrary motion
what are the dynamics of the lyrical theme?
forte with moments of sfz
what are the dynamics of the new theme?
multiple crescendos to forte
is the codetta conjunct/disjunct, staccato/legato, ascending/ descending
conjunct, legato, descending
is the virtuousic codetta theme classical or romantic?
romantic
the exposition is repeated, is this usual for sonata form?
yes
what theme does the exposition end with?
the rocket theme (before doing bars of crazy extended chords)
what is the tempo at the start of the development?
same grave tempo as before
what is the key in the intro of the development?
G minor
do development sections usually have intros?
no
what is the key of the development?
and is this typical for sonata form?
E minor
no this is a completely unrelated key to the tonic
what happens to the melodies of the exposition in the development section?
they get rhythmically augmented and/or diminished (developed)
also, the developed rocket theme has the pitches altered
what ornamentation is present in the development? (1)
trills
how does the development end?
with a descending virtuosic quaver line (kinda like the start of the codetta and bars 9-10)
what is the tonality at the start of the recapitulation? (recap of first subject)
is this typical of sonata form
C minor
yes
does the recapitulation have the grave introduction?
no
is the transition theme part of the recapitulation?
no
what is the key at the start of the second subject in the recapitulation?
is this typical of sonata form
F minor
no, it should be in the home key
which musical ideas of the second subject are heard in the recapitulation?
all of them
is the codetta part of the recapitulation?
yes
how does the recapitulation end (after the codetta) (2)
- repeat of Manheim rocket
- 2 diminished 7th chords
which musical ideas are in the coda? (4)
- grave intro
- then manheim rocket
- then dissonant chord progression
- then a cadential 6 4
how is the intro motif developed in the coda?
is this a usual form of development?
- there are rests before each phrase
no
which key does the piece end in?
C minor - the tonic (typical of sonata form)
is the dissonant chord progression in the coda classical or romantic?
romantic
is the cadential 6 4 classical or romantic?
classical
overall texture?
MDH
another name for the intro motif?
funeral motif
what is the texture of the intro motif?
chordal homophony
romantic features in the piece: (5)
- extreme dynamic contrast
- dissonance/chromaticism/diminished 7th chords
- virtuosic melodies
- florid, lyrical melodies
- modulations into unrelated keys
classical features in the piece: (5)
- sonata form
- alberti bass
- manheim rocket
- cadential 6 4
- moments of functional harmony