defying gravity Flashcards
who are the singers (characters)?
- elphaba
- glinda
is there no real change in dynamics?
- no, extreme dynamic contrast throughout to differentiate mood/theme
dynamics at start
sfz (forzando) and forte to convey aggression
why does the piece end in ff?
to symbolise elphaba’s newfound confidence + tension between the people vs her
what are quieter dynamics used to show?
calm mood
outline the structure (each section) (lots of sections, icl u don’t need to know it all)
- intro (1-20)
- link 1 (21-31)
- verse 1 (32-48)
- chorus 1 (49-59)
- vers 2 (60-79)
- chorus 2 (80-88)
- link 2 (89-
and more stuff i cba
overall structure
verse-chorus form
is there a lot of tempo changes?
yeah
what does colla voice mean?
follow the voice, free tempo stuff
is it mainly quaver and semiquaver rhythms?
- no, crotchet and quaver
is there use of mordents?
no
use of fermatas?
yes
is there a metric shift?
The time signature changes from 3/2 triple time to 2/2 duple time in the opening section and remains there until bar 88 (just before unlimited section) where it changes to 4/4 quadruple time. At bar 115 (the i hope you’re happy bit) it returns to 2/2 duple time.
is there syncopation
ofc
what’s the strange stuff abt the ostinato?
it is done in groups of 3 quavers against 22 so it has a cross-rhythm effect
are rests are used to break up phrases?
yes
what is the range of the singers?
- really massive
- G3 to F5
what is the instrumentation (2)
- a large orchestra (1) with use of modern instruments (e.g: synths) (1)
so, contains: woodwind, brass, string, percussion (including glock, tubular bells, timpani, drum kit), electric guitars, synths
strings double stop, true or false
false
does brass glissando?
nah
do strings tremolando?
yeas
cool stuff from cymbal: (1)
- cymbal rolls
texture of opening (2)
- sparse
- monophonic movement
overall texture
MDH
texture at end
polyphony (3 parts)
syllabic or melismatic?
syllabic
conjunct or disjunct?
- both
- initially more conjunct but as song progresses, elphaba gets more brave and does more disjunct singing and at a higher tessitura
what leitmotif is verse 1 based off of?
elphaba’s leitmotif
what weird rhythm thing does glinda do towards the end of the first chorus
triplet crotchet melody ‘you’re having delusions of grandeur’
tonality at start?
ambiguous
- elphaba sings in Db
- glinda sings in D
chordal movement at start
chromatic descending motion, in semitones
tonality of link 1
B maj
chorus tonality
D maj
tonality in verse 1
D maj
tonality in b88 ‘unlimited’ section
G maj
tonality in bar 103 (2nd chorus)
D maj
harmony in bar 115 (part of mainly instrumental building-up section)
the bit that’s like ‘I hope you’re happy now that you’re choosing this’
chromatic
tonality in bar 168 (build up to final tutti finale)
B minor
tonality at end
D major