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Path recall March 2018 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Wilsons likely

a. Baby jaundice 3-6months
b. Corona radiata T2 early in disease
c. High ceruloplasmin bound copper
d. Autosomal dominant
e. Fatty liver

A
  1. Wilsons likely

a. Baby jaundice 3-6months - too young usually teens
b. Corona radiata T2 early in disease - usually basal ganglia causing parkinsonism
c. High ceruloplasmin bound copper - low ceruloplasmin high copper
d. Autosomal dominant - AR
e. Fatty liver -true, mix with high density copper in liver may be normal on CT

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2
Q
  1. SLE part of diagnostic criteria

a. Pericarditis
b. Peripheral neuropathy
c. Erosive arthropathy

A

a. Pericarditis true
2. SLE part of diagnostic criteria

a. Pericarditis true
b. Peripheral neuropathy - CNS
c. Erosive arthropathy - non erosive
d. MD SOAP BRAIN = criteria for SLE = malar rash, discoid rash, serositis, oral ulcers, arthritis, photosensitivity, blood dyscrasias, renal failure, ANA, immunologic, neurologic

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3
Q
  1. Xlinked

a. Adrenoleukodystrophy
b. Alexanders
c. Canavan
d. MLD

A

a. Adrenoleukodystrophy yes
3. Xlinked

a. Adrenoleukodystrophy yes
b. Alexanders
c. Canavan
d. MLD

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4
Q
  1. FMD doesn’t cause

a. Tinnitis
b. PVD
c. Angina
d. Renal
e. Carotid

A

**LJS - I think PVD least common of those listed. Tinnitus listed on radiopedia, due to carotid/VA involvement. Rest listed in Robbins, PVD is not in either (though some evidence that it occurs - google)

a. Tinnitis yes but rare, I think rarest only in case series
4. FMD doesn’t cause

a. Tinnitis yes but rare, I think rarest only in case series
b. PVD yes but rare
c. Angina yes but rare in case series
d. Renal
e. Carotid

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5
Q
  1. PAN does not affect

a. Lungs
b. Kidneys
c. Mesenteric vessels

A

a. Lungs PAN spares lungs classically, similar to MPA but medium vessels affected
5. PAN does not affect

a. Lungs PAN spares lungs classically, similar to MPA but medium vessels affected
b. Kidneys
c. Mesenteric vessels

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6
Q
  1. SCC tongue which doesn’t cause

a. Marijuana
b. Cocaine
c. HPV
d. Syphillis
e. Alcohol

A

b. Cocaine doesn’t because you snort it, HTN, perforation
6. SCC tongue which doesn’t cause

a. Marijuana smoking
b. Cocaine doesn’t because you snort it, HTN, perforation
c. HPV yes oral sex
d. Syphillis rare syphilitic leukoplakia
e. Alcohol yes

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7
Q
  1. Not risk factor for RCC

a. Smoking
b. Alcohol
c. Obesity

A

b. Alcohol no! lower risk
7. Not risk factor for RCC

a. Smoking yes
b. Alcohol no! lower risk
c. Obesity yes

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8
Q
  1. Precursor to melanoma

a. Blue naevus
b. Dysplastic naevus
c. Congenital naevus
d. Basal naevus

A

b. Dysplastic naevus yes
8. Precursor to melanoma

a. Blue naevus
b. Dysplastic naevus yes
c. Congenital naevus
d. Basal naevus

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9
Q
  1. PML

a. JCV

A
  1. PML

a. JCV yes

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10
Q
  1. Jaundice in pregnancy, most common cause of liver disease in pregnancy

a. Cholestasis
b. Hepatitis
c. Preeclampsia
d. HELLP

A

b. Hepatitis yes most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy
10. Jaundice in pregnancy, most common cause of liver disease in pregnancy

a. Cholestasis 1 in 1000
b. Hepatitis yes most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy
c. Preeclampsia HTN and proteinuria
d. HELLP rare but bad

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11
Q
  1. Least true regarding circumvallate

a. Abruption
b. IUGR
c. Painless bleeding
d. Fetal death
e. Abnormal tocography

A

c. Painless bleeding

**LJS - anything that increases risk of abruption, IUGR and preterm birth surely also increases risk of fetal death if these things not managed appropriately.
Painless bleeding least likely
*AJL agrees

  1. Least true regarding circumvallate

a. Abruption
b. IUGR
c. Painless bleeding
d. Fetal death
e. Abnormal tocography

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12
Q
  1. Least correct

a. ADEM follow bacterial infection
b. NMO bilateral optic neuritis
c. Relapsing remitting MS on MRI plaque doesn’t have axonal degeneration

A

a. ADEM follow bacterial infection I think this
12. Least correct

a. ADEM follow bacterial infection I think this
b. NMO bilateral optic neuritis
c. Relapsing remitting MS on MRI plaque doesn’t
have axonal degeneration

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13
Q
  1. Hirschprungs false

a. More common in females
b. Involves whole colon
c. Bowel obstruction and perforation

A

a. More common in females - more common male
13. Hirschprungs false

a. More common in females more common male
b. Involves whole colon
c. Bowel obstruction and perforation

**LJS - only 4% total aganglionosis

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14
Q
  1. PXA

a. Involves grey matter and overlying meninges
b. Adults frontal
c. Child brainstem and cerebellum

A

a. Involves grey matter and overlying meninges this dural reaction
14. PXA

a. Involves grey matter and overlying meninges this dural reaction
b. Adults frontal - temporal
c. Child brainstem and cerebellum - rare

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15
Q
  1. Which chondroid lesion crosses physes

a. Chondroblastoma
b. Periostial chondroma
c. EnchondromaLeas
d. CMF
e. Osteochondroma

A

*LW:
Wheeles states: only three tumors may invade physis: chondroblastoma, GCT, and clear cell chondrosarcoma

**LJS - CMF

*AJL (thinks this is a stupid question)
Chondroblastoma starts in epiphysis and crosses physis
CMF starts in metaphysis and crosses physis.

  1. Which chondroid lesion crosses physes

a. Chondroblastoma rarely may cross physis
b. Periostial chondroma
c. Enchondroma
d. CMF
e. Osteochondroma

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16
Q
  1. PVNS and GCT false

a. PVNS most common knee
b. GCT most common wrist
c. PVNS and GCT erode bone
d. GCT excision likely to recur
e. PVNS characteristically cause inflammation

A

*LW: they referring to giant cell tumour of tendon sheath (i.e. same spectrum as PVNS) which is most common in wrist. thus E false

(*AJL. If they were referring to bone GCT then it is most common at the knee)
(as an aside, PVNS is now known as tenosynovial GCT diffuse type. The type in the tendon sheath is tenosynovial GCT localised type. This is in the more recent Robbins 2018 basic and 2020 big robbins)

  1. PVNS and GCT false

a. PVNS most common knee
b. GCT most common wrist
c. PVNS and GCT erode bone
d. GCT excision likely to recur - 10-20% recurrence
e. PVNS characteristically cause inflammation probably this characteristically bleed other answers are all more correct

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17
Q
  1. Post partum diabetes insipidus

a. Lymphocytic hypophysitis
b. Sheehans

A

a. Lymphocytic hypophysitis yes, loss of posterior pituitary bright spot and DI
17. Post partum diabetes insipidus

a. Lymphocytic hypophysitis yes, loss of posterior pituitary bright spot and DI
b. Sheehans massive bleed and necrosis

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18
Q
  1. Most common with tumor marker

a. YS tumor
b. Seminoma
c. Granulosa cell

A

a. YS tumor aFP
18. Most common with tumor marker

a. YS tumor aFP
b. Seminoma
c. Granulosa cell

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19
Q
  1. Most common elderly testicular tumor

a. Metastatic disease
b. Spermatocytic seminoma
c. Lymphoma
d. Germ cell tumour

(*AJL added some… mwahahahaha)

A
  1. Most common elderly testicular tumor

c. Lymphoma

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20
Q
  1. Most common elderly germ cell testicular tumor

a. Spermatocytic seminoma
b. Mixed GCT
c. Pure Seminoma
d. Lymphoma
e. Sertoli cell

*AJL added some to make it better

A
  1. Most common eldertly germ cell testicular tumor

a. Spermatocytic seminoma yes

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21
Q
  1. Wilms least correct

a. Bilateral almost always germ line
b. Unilateral is 50% genetic
c. Genetic wilms have nephrogenic rests

A

b. Unilateral is 50% genetic 10%
21. Wilms least correct

a. Bilateral almost always germ line
b. Unilateral is 50% genetic 10%
c. Genetic wilms have nephrogenic rests

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22
Q
  1. Breast least likely in post menopausal

a. IDC
b. LCIS
c. Fibroadenoma
d. Phylloides
e. Papillary

A

c. Fibroadenoma young
22. Breast least likely in post menopausal

a. IDC
b. LCIS
c. Fibroadenoma young
d. Phylloides
e. Papillary

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23
Q
  1. Antibodies to GBM

a. Goodpastures
b. PAN
c. Wegners
d. MPA

A

a. Goodpastures true
28. Antibodies to GBM

a. Goodpastures true
b. PAN
c. Wegners
d. MPA

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24
Q
  1. Myeloma false

a. IgA
b. IgG
c. Serum light chains
d. BJP

A

a. IgA less common, maybe this answer or the other not recalled one
29. Myeloma false

a. IgA less common (20%), maybe this answer or the other not recalled one
b. IgG -most common 60%
c. Serum light chains -yes
d. BJP -yes

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25
Q
  1. Diabetes microangiopathy false

a. Glomerulosclerosis
b. Macula edema
c. Peripheral neuropathy
d. Autonomic neuropathy

A
  1. Diabetes microangiopathy false

a. Glomerulosclerosis -yes
b. Macula edema -yes
c. Peripheral neuropathy -yes
d. Autonomic neuropathy -not sure

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26
Q
  1. DCIS

a. Prognosis depends on histological microarchitecture
b. High grade worse prognosis

A

b. High grade worse prognosis - correct grading based on comedonecrosis and pleomorphism
27. DCIS

a. Prognosis depends on histological microarchitecture - wrong but some what true if comedonecrosis is included, but I think they mean appearance of papillary, micropapillary, cribiform etc.
b. High grade worse prognosis - correct grading based on comedonecrosis and pleomorphism

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27
Q
  1. Complex sclerosing lesion on biopsy

a. No further management, benign
b. Hookwire and open biopsy
c. Hookwire WLE and SNB

A

b. Hookwire and open biopsy -correct
26. Complex sclerosing lesion on biopsy

a. No further management, benign -false
b. Hookwire and open biopsy -correct
c. Hookwire WLE and SNB -false SNB only if invasive cancer, radial scar is not cancer, DCIS is not cancer

28
Q
  1. More likely Hodgkins than NHL

a. Single nodal site
b. Extranodal disease
c. Small bowel mesentery

A

a. Single nodal site true
25. More likely Hodgkins than NHL

a. Single nodal site true
b. Extranodal disease NHL
c. Small bowel mesentery NHL

29
Q
  1. Regarding thyroid lesions (which is false)

a. Iodine deficiency associated follicular carcinoma
b. Radiation is associated with papillary
c. Medullary with MEN worse prognosis than medullary without MEN
d. Anaplastic kills by invasion
e. Hashimotos sometimes assoc with hodgkins lymphoma

A

e. Hashimotos sometimes assoc with hodgkins lymphoma - no associated NHL
24. Regarding thyroid lesions (which is false)

a. Iodine deficiency associated follicular carcinoma -yes
b. Radiation is associated with papillary -yes
c. Medullary with MEN worse prognosis than medullary without MEN -yes
d. Anaplastic kills by invasion -yes
e. Hashimotos sometimes assoc with hodgkins lymphoma -no associated NHL

**LJS - iodine deficiency is ass/w follicular carcinoma (Robbins p 1095)
Hashimotos ass/w marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NHL) and papillary carcinoma
*AJL - I have edited the answer to ‘a’ so the question only has one incorrect choice

30
Q
  1. True regarding juvenile papillomatosis

a. Most commonly presents as palpable mass
b. Nipple discharge
c. Solid lesion on US
d. No increased risk of breast cancer

A

a. Most commonly presents as palpable mass correct
23. True regarding juvenile papillomatosis

a. Most commonly presents as palpable mass correct
b. Nipple discharge - adult papilloma bloody discharge
c. Solid lesion on US - can have small cysts, pathologically swiss cheese appearance
d. No increased risk of breast cancer - increased risk

31
Q
  1. Cortical calcifications in HIV on US which is true

a. HIVAN
b. CMV
c. EBV
d. PCP

A
  • AJL - Radiopaedia mentions MAI and PCP as causes therefore I think the correct answer is PCP
    31. Cortical calcifications in HIV on US which is true

a. HIVAN -no, enlarged echogenic kidney
b. CMV -yes, later described also in MAI
c. EBV -no
d. PCP -yes, first case series described

32
Q
  1. Trophoblastic disease

a. PSTT presenting 2 years after normal pregnancy has good prognosis
b. Metastatic disease to lungs in GTD is very chemosensitive
c. Partial mole no risk of choriocarcinoma

A
  1. Trophoblastic disease

a. PSTT presenting 2 years after normal pregnancy has good prognosis -I think this is false, usually slow growing but if delayed will be metastatic
b. Metastatic disease to lungs in GTD is very chemosensitive -true
c. Partial mole no risk of choriocarcinoma - false. Reduced risk compared with complete mole.

33
Q
  1. SPT false (presuming solid pseudopapillary tumour pancreas)

a. Solid and cystic components
b. Middle aged woman

A

b. Middle aged woman -false
33. SPT false (presuming solid pseudopapillary tumour pancreas)

a. Solid and cystic components- true
b. Middle aged woman -false

34
Q
  1. Most likely bilateral

a. Mucinous tumor
b. Endometrioid tumor
c. Brenners
d. Dermoid

A

b. Endometrioid tumor yes, most likely bilateral Endometrioid (40% - rob) > Serous (25%) > dermoid
34. Most likely bilateral

a. Mucinous tumor
b. Endometrioid tumor yes,
c. Brenners
d. Dermoid

35
Q
  1. RCC bilateral most likely

a. Clearcell
b. Papillary
c. Medullary
d. Collecting duct

A

b. Papillary true
35. RCC bilateral most likely

a. Clearcell
b. Papillary true
c. Medullary
d. Collecting duct

36
Q
  1. RCC best prognosis

a. Clear cell
b. Papillary
c. Chromophobe
d. Medullary

A

c. Chromophobe true assoc with BHDS, oncocytic37.
36. RCC best prognosis

a. Clear cell
b. Papillary
c. Chromophobe true assoc with BHDS, oncocytic
d. Medullary

37
Q

Parotid lesion least likely

a. SCC
b. Actinic cell
c. Warthins
d. Adenocystic
e. Mucoepidermoid

A 
*LW: SCC
Incidence of parotid lesions:
Pleomorphic adenoma - 50%
Mucoepidermoid (malignant) - 15%
Adenocarcinoma NOS (malignant) - 10%
Warthin 5-10%
Oncocytoma - 1%
Acinic cell carcinoma (malignant) - 5%
adenoid cystic carcinoma (malignant) - 5%
SCC - 1%
  • AJL I think Acinic cell is rarer than adenoid cystic. 2-3% of salivary gland tumours (rob), most develop in parotid than other glands. I’m not sure of the exact incidence in parotid glands. Adenoid cystic is 2nd most common malignancy in parotid (RP).
    a. SCC either this, does it count mets to parotid node
    37. Parotid lesion least likely

a. SCC either this, does it count mets to parotid node
b. Actinic cell or this
c. Warthins
d. Adenocystic
e. Mucoepidermoid

38
Q
  1. Spiculated mass true

a. Complex sclerosing lesion
b. Short spicules in radial scar

A
  1. Spiculated mass true

a. Complex sclerosing lesion (this was the best option even though usually its no mass centrally) true
b. Short spicules in radial scar

39
Q
  1. Least likely present with spiculated mass

a. Medullary breast

A
  1. Least likely present with spiculated mass

a. Medullary breast usually circumscribed

40
Q
  1. Coal workers least likely
    a. Centrilobular emphysema
    b. Nodules and macules
    c. PMF lower zone
    d. Peripheral calcification in node
A

c. PMF lower zone - false
40. Coal workers least likely

a. Centrilobular emphysema
b. Nodules and macules
c. PMF lower zone - false
d. Peripheral calcification in node

41
Q
  1. Silicosis wrong

a. Causes TB
b. Massive fibrosis upper lobe
c. Nodules in lower zones
d. Honeycombing

A

c. Nodules in lower zones false
41. Silicosis wrong

a. Causes TB
b. Massive fibrosis upper lobe
c. Nodules in lower zones false
d. Honeycombing 10% UIP

**LJS ??
Nodules are typically upper zone, but can’t find anywhere (Rob, HRCT book, radiopedia. statdx) that silicosis specifically causes honeycombing. “Other pneumoconioses” can cause honeycombing according to HRCT/statdx, but complicated silicosis always described as PMF.

*AJL - I’m also unsure how silicosis causes TB… It is associated with increased TB but doesn’t cause TB.

42
Q
  1. Pleural effusion wrong

a. Renal failure haemorrhagic effusion
b. Simple effusion in low albumin

A

a. Renal failure haemorrhagic effusion false, transudate
42. Pleural effusion wrong

a. Renal failure haemorrhagic effusion false, transudate
b. Simple effusion in low albumin

43
Q
  1. LAM false

a. Chylothorax
b. PTX
c. TS
d. Upper zone distribution of cysts

A

d. Upper zone distribution of cysts no distribution, LCH is upper lobe
43. LAM false

a. Chylothorax
b. PTX
c. TS
d. Upper zone distribution of cysts no distribution, LCH is upper lobe

44
Q
  1. Renal papillary necrosis - false?

a. Analgesia
b. Diabetes
c. Obtruction
d. Sickle cell
e. Emboli into segmental vessel

A
  1. Renal papillary necrosis

a. Analgesia
b. Diabetes
c. Obtruction
d. Sickle cell
e. Emboli into segmental vessel not part of AD SPORT C

45
Q
  1. Drug associations false

a. MTX pneumatocele
b. Cylophoshamide and mass
c. Phenytoin and pleural effusion

A

a. MTX pneumatocele false
45. Drug associations false

a. MTX pneumatocele false
b. Cylophoshamide and mass
c. Phenytoin and pleural effusion

46
Q
  1. Lesion without scar

a. Adenoma
b. Haemangioma
c. FLHCC
d. FNH
e. Cholangiocarcinoma

A

a. Adenoma no scar
46. Lesion without scar

a. Adenoma no scar
b. Haemangioma
c. FLHCC
d. FNH
e. Cholangiocarcinoma

47
Q
  1. CM brain - which is false

a. Associated DVA
b. Haemosiderin rim
c. Seizure
d. No brain tissue
e. Dilated draining vein

A

e. Dilated draining vein dAVF
47. CM brain

a. Associated DVA
b. Haemosiderin rim
c. Seizure
d. No brain tissue
e. Dilated draining vein dAVF

48
Q
  1. Psoriatic arthritis true

a. Aortitis
b. Synovial inflammation
c. Plantar fasciitis

A

**LJS - Plantar fasciitis - yes, form of enthesitis

  • Aortitis - no (other HLA B27 arthropathies - ank spond, reiters are ass/w aortitis, not psoriatic)
  • Synovial inflammation - no. Seronegative spondyloarthropathies affect the ligamentous attachments, not the synovium (Robbins)
49
Q
  1. Lesion false

a. Nodular fasciitis related to trauma
b. Variations of myositis ossificans and nodular fasciits locations features

A
  • *LJS - nodular fasciitis also related to trauma
  • LW agree - preceeeding trauma noted in 10-15% cases.
  1. Lesion false

a. Nodular fasciitis related to trauma false - myositis ossificans
b. Variations of myositis ossificans and nodular fasciits locations features

50
Q
  1. Lesion in stomach dyspepsia, sessile, 90 degree angle

a. Duplication
b. GIST
c. Lymphoma

A

b. GIST maybe this?? Don’t know
50. Lesion in stomach dyspepsia, sessile, 90 degree angle

a. Duplication
b. GIST maybe this?? Don’t know
c. Lymphoma

  • *LJS - MALToma complicating H pylori gastritis?
  • AJL - MALToma is usually wall thickening (possibly with eventual linitis plastica) rather than a sessile mass therefore I think GIST is the correct answer. Also interestingly stomach MALToma can be treated with abx (get rid of H.pylori and the lymphoma melts away)
51
Q
  1. OI

a. All have dentogenesis imperfecta
b. Type 1 kyphoscoliosis
c. Type 2 life
d. Type 3 hearing impairment
e. Type 4 blue sclera

A
  1. OI

a. All have dentogenesis imperfecta -false, differentiates between 1a and 1b
b. Type 1 kyphoscoliosis - false, mild so less likely kyphoscoliosis
c. Type 2 life - false lethal form
d. Type 3 hearing impairment - I think this, severe progressive deforming childhood type can have kyphoscoliosis but ossicular fractures causes hearing loss
e. Type 4 blue sclera - probably false, moderately severe, initially blue but may lighten later

**LJS - all but type 2 have dentinogenesis imperfecta
Type 3 hearing impairment - correct. Also has progressive kyphoscoliosis
Type 4 - normal sclera

52
Q
  1. PSC

a. Associated with IBD

A
  1. PSC

a. Associated with IBD yes

53
Q
  1. PBC wrong

a. Smooth muscle antibody
b. Hyperlipaemia
c. Tendon xanthoma
d. Scleroderma
e. IBD

A
  • LJS
    a. Smooth muscle antibody - antimitochondrial Ab in 95% (    AJL - smooth muscle antibodies are associated with autoimmune hepatitis)
    b. Hyperlipaemia - T
    c. Tendon xanthoma - T
    d. Scleroderma - T. Ass/w other AI conditions
    e. IBD - false
  • LW:
  • Wonder if poor recall, incorrectly recalling anti mitochondrial AB.
54
Q
  1. Biliary atresia which is wrong

a. Involves intra and extrahepatic bile ducts
b. Small GB
c. Associated with CHD
d. Polysplenia
e. TEF

A

a. Involves intra and extrahepatic bile ducts false, extra only
54. Biliary atresia which is wrong

a. Involves intra and extrahepatic bile ducts false, extra only
b. Small GB
c. Associated with CHD
d. Polysplenia
e. TEF

55
Q
  1. Carcinoid most aggressive

a. Gastric
b. Duodenal
c. Ileum
d. Appendix
e. Rectum

A

c. Ileum I think this
* LW robbins agrees

  1. Carcinoid most aggressive

a. Gastric
b. Duodenal
c. Ileum I think this
d. Appendix relatively benign incidental
e. Rectum relatively benign

56
Q
  1. Cancer causing pseudomyxoma most likely

a. Appendix mucocele
b. Appendix mucinous tumor
c. Gastric signet ring

A
  1. Cancer causing pseudomyxoma most likely
    a. Appendix mucocele -false not all tumor may be LN obstruction
    b. Appendix mucinous tumor - true
    c. Gastric signet ring - true but less common than appendix
57
Q
  1. Cervical cancer true

a. Invading upper 1/3 vagina bad prognosis
b. NET worst prognosis

A

b. NET worst prognosis - true super aggressive
57. Cervical cancer true

a. Invading upper 1/3 vagina bad prognosis - false, parametrial bad, lower third bad
b. NET worst prognosis - true super aggressive

58
Q
  1. Epiphyseal true

a. Clear cell chondrosarc
b. Fibrosarcoma
c. NOF
d. ABC

A

a. Clear cell chondrosarc true
58. Epiphyseal true

a. Clear cell chondrosarc true
b. Fibrosarcoma
c. NOF
d. ABC

59
Q
  1. What doesn’t cause aortic regurg

a. Bicuspid
b. Endocarditis

A
  1. What doesn’t cause aortic regurg

a. Bicuspid true
b. Endocarditis

60
Q
  1. ?endocarditis extend to annulus to cause pericarditis
A
  1. ?endocarditis extend to annulus to cause pericarditis

Valve ring abscess - vegetations erode into underlying myocardium = abscess

61
Q
  1. What complication not associated with AMI

a. LV thrombus
b. Pericarditis fibrinous
c. MR
d. Tamponade
e. AR

A

e. AR -no
61. What complication not associated with AMI

a. LV thrombus -yes
b. Pericarditis fibrinous -yes
c. MR -yes papillary rupture
d. Tamponade -yes free wall rupture
e. AR -no

62
Q
  1. Dilated cardiomyopathy, which is false

a. Alcohol
b. Sarcoid
c. HTN
d. Radiation

A

d. Radiation -no constrictive pericarditis
62. DCM

a. Alcohol -yes
b. Sarcoid -yes (LW although tends to be more restrictive)
c. HTN -yes IHD
d. Radiation -no constrictive pericarditis

63
Q
  1. Which is upper oesophageal stenosis

a. Zenkers
b. Tumor
c. Schatzki ring
d. Epiphrenic
e. Achalasia

A

a. Zenkers true

**LJS - Zenker can cause compression of the oesophageal lumen. Counts as a “stenosis”?
Also tumour - SCC in upper oesophagus

  1. Which is upper oesophageal stenosis

a. Zenkers true
b. Tumor
c. Schatzki ring
d. Epiphrenic
e. Achalasia

64
Q
  1. Renal stones

a. Medullary sponge
b. ADPKD
c. ARPKD
d. MCDK
e. Medullary cystic kidney disease

A

a. Medullary sponge true
64. Renal stones

a. Medullary sponge true
b. ADPKD
c. ARPKD
d. MCDK
e. Medullary cystic kidney disease

65
Q
  1. What is not true about radial scar

a. Fat in centre replaced by fibrous tissue
b. Spiculation long
c. Investigate after biopsy
d. Ischaemia

A

a. Fat in centre replaced by fibrous tissue -false black star
* AJL - It is a central nidus of entrapped glands in hyalinised stroma. (ROBBINS)

  1. What is not true about radial scar

a. Fat in centre replaced by fibrous tissue -false black star
b. Spiculation long
c. Investigate after biopsy
d. Ischaemia

66
Q
  1. Haemophilia B

a. Autosomal recessive
b. Ballooning epiphysis
c. Ankle knee destruction

A
  1. Haemophilia B

a. Autosomal recessive -false, x linked
b. Ballooning epiphysis
c. Ankle knee destruction

Z Back up Path (21 decks)

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