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Renal II > Path Pre MT > Flashcards

Path Pre MT Flashcards

1
Q

location of cysts in acquired cystic kidney dz

A

cortical and medullary

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2
Q

acquired cystic kidney dz ass’d with

A

prolonged dialysis

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3
Q

major complication of acquired cystic kidney dz

A

renal cell carcinoma from walls of cyst

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4
Q

MC form of ADPKD

A

PKD1

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5
Q

PKD1 gene location

A

ch 16

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6
Q

PKD2 gene location

A

ch 14

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7
Q

MC site of extra-renal cysts in ADPKD

A

liver

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8
Q

MC ass’d symptom w/ ARPKD

A

congenital hepatic fibrosis

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9
Q

common location/size of simple renal cysts

A

small and cortical

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10
Q

inheritence pattern of familial juvenile nephronopthisis

A

AR

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11
Q

location of cysts in familial juvenile nephronopthisis

A

corticomedullary

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12
Q

treatment of APG/post-strep GNP

A

fluid/electrolyte therapy

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13
Q

IF findings of APG/post-strep GNP

A

granular IgM, IgG, and C3 deposits

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14
Q

type I RPGN

A

anti-GMB antibodies (Goodpastures)

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15
Q

type II RPGN

A

immune complex mediated (post inf, SLE)

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16
Q

type III RPGN

A

pauci immune, ANCA p and c + (wegners)

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17
Q

location of crescents in RPGN

A

bowman’s space

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18
Q

clinical course of RPGN

A

hematuria, RBC casts, proteinuria approaching nephrotic ranges

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19
Q

tx of RPGN type II

A

plasmaphoresis

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20
Q

location of IgA depostis in IgA nephropathy

A

mesangium

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21
Q

IgA nephropathy can occur after what?

A

URI

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22
Q

site of deposits in membranoproliferative GNP

A

subendothelial

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23
Q

composition of deposits in membranoproliferative GNP

A

IgG, IgM, and C3

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24
Q

common finding on LM in membranoproliferative GNP

A

“tram-track” splitting of GBM - Ag stain is good for visualization

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25
Q

MCC of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

membranous golmerulopathy

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26
Q

location of deposits is membranous glomerulopathy

A

subepithelial

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27
Q

common appearance of BM in membranous gomlerulopathy

A

“spike & dome”

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28
Q

membranous glomerulopathy response to corticosteriods

A

none

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29
Q

MCC of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

MCD

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30
Q

MCD response to cortiosteroids

A

very responsive

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31
Q

EM findings in MCD

A

effaced foot processes, vacuoles, and “fused” podocytes

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32
Q

collapsing glomerulosclerosis

A

FSGS resulting in complete golmerular collapse found in HIV pts

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33
Q

IF findings in FSGS

A

IgM and C3 in sclerotic areas

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34
Q

EM findings in FSGS

A

podocyte effacement

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35
Q

LM findings in FSGS

A

partial eosinophilia and sclerosis

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36
Q

Alport’s inheritance pattern

A

x-linked

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37
Q

EM finding of Alport’s

A

alternating thickening and thinning of GBM, lamination of lamina densa

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38
Q

ALPORT mnemonic

A 
A - alports
L P - record, listening = deafness
O - occular involvement
R - renal failure
T - thickening of BM and Type IV collagen
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39
Q

other name for thin basement membrane disease

A

benign familial hematuria

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40
Q

characteristic of chronic GNP

A

extensive hyalinization & fibrosis of gloms

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41
Q

endpoint of all nephrotic and nephritic syndromes

A

chronic GNP

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42
Q

common concomitant finding with chronic GNP

A

HTN - can find arterial sclerosis

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43
Q

Kimmelsteil-Wilson disease

A

nodular glomerular sclerosis that occurs in diabethic nephropathy

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44
Q

most common form of acute renal failure

A

ATN

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45
Q

morphologic findings in ischemic ATN

A

focal tubular epithelial cell necrosis and BM eruption

46
Q

morphologic findings in toxic ATN

A

nonspecific necrosis, esp at proximal tubule

47
Q

common causes of toxic ATN

A 
Rhabdomyolysis
Aminoglycosides
Chemo (cisplatinum & cyclosporine)
Contrast dye
Crystal deposition (tumor lysis syndrome & ethylene glycol)
48
Q

diagnostic finding of ATN

A

dirty brown granular casts

49
Q

MC pathogens of pylonephritis

A

E. coli > proteus, klebsiella

50
Q

morphologic findings in chronic pyelonephritis

A

corticomedullary scaring overlying dilated. blunted, or deformed calyx

51
Q

hallmark of acute pyelonephritis

A

patchy interstitial supparative inflammation, WBC casts, tubular necrosis

52
Q

clinical findings of allergic nephritis

A

fever, rash, eosinophilia, and acute renal failure

53
Q

morphologic finidings of analgesic nephropathy

A

medullary interstitial fibrosis and inflammation with papillary necrosis

54
Q

analgesic nephropathy pts are at an increased risk of developing what?

A

transitional cell carcinoma

55
Q

benign nephrosclerosis findings

A

hyalin depositions in renal arterioles and small arteries, normal/small kidneys with leathery appearance

56
Q

morphology of malignany HTN

A

fibrinoid necrosis of kidneys with onion skinning of arterioles

57
Q

clinical findings in malignant HTN

A

diastolic BP >130 mmHg, renal failure, papilledema, retniopathy, proteinuria, possible hematuria

58
Q

pentad of TTP s/s

A

F, neuro symptoms, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombosis

59
Q

s/s ass’d w/ HUS

A

F, micmicroangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, renal failure

60
Q

genetic ass’t w/ idiopathic TTP

A

ADAMTS13 mutation

61
Q

MCC of childhood HUS

A

e. coli O157:H7, ingestion of shigga-like toxin

62
Q

presentation of childhood HUS

A

flu-like prodrome, hematemesis, melena, and hematuria

63
Q

ass’d states with adult HUS

A

infection, SLE, vascular renal diseases, normal pregnancy

64
Q

MCC of Acute bacterial prostatitis

A

E. coli ( > staph, enterococcus)

65
Q

area of prostate that BPH begins

A

transitional and periurethral

66
Q

area where prostatic carcinoma occurs

A

peripheral zone

67
Q

precursor for malignancy in prostate

A

PIN

68
Q

familial predisposition for prostatic carcinoma

A

PI3K/AKT

69
Q

molecular markers for prostate malignancy monitoring

A

PSA (not indicative of cancer), PCA3

70
Q

MC acquired genetic lesions ass’d with prostatc adenocadinoma

A

TRPSS2-ETS

71
Q

increased risk of prostatic adenocarcinoma in AA ass’d with

A

decreased CAG repeats (asians have the most)

72
Q

histo of adenocarcinoma shows

A
  • prominent nucleoli
  • blue mucin
  • perinural invasion
73
Q

clinical s/s of b/l partial UTO

A
  • hypostenuria
  • polyuria
  • nocturia
74
Q

clinical s/s of b/l complete UTO

A

-anuria/oliguria

75
Q

cause of struvite stones

A

urea-splitting bacteria - proteus

76
Q

MCC of renal stone

A

calcium oxalate

77
Q

staghorn calculi

A

strivite stones (MgPO)

78
Q

ass’t with uric acid stones

A

leukemia, gout

79
Q

renal fibroma description

A
  • b9
  • tiny, gray-white firm nodules w/in pyramids
  • ass’d with Tuberous sclerosis - called angiomyolipoma
80
Q

renal papillary adenoma description

A

b9, small, pale, yellow-gray, well circumscribed nodules w/in cortex

81
Q

renal oncocytoma

A
  • b9
  • large eosinophilic cells
  • ++mitochondira
  • yellow/brown and well circumscribed w/ central stellate scar
82
Q

clear cell carcinoma mutation & gene location

A

VHL gene, ch 3

83
Q

clear cell carcinoma origin

A

proximal tubular epi

84
Q

3 major types of renal cell carcinoma

A
  • clear cell
  • papillary
  • chromophobe
85
Q

papillary renal cell carcinoma ass’t

A

dialysis ass’d cystic disease

86
Q

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma morphology

A
  • eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • perinuclear halo
  • localized to vasculature
87
Q

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma origin

A

interstitial cells

88
Q

classic triad of renal cell ca s/s

A
  • hematuria
  • flank pain
  • palpable mass
89
Q

paraneoplastic symptoms as’d with renal cell ca

A
  • polycythemia
  • hyperCa2+
  • HTN
  • cushings
  • feminization
90
Q

Wilm’s tumor presentation

A

-kiddo (MC

91
Q

common site of addn’t cysts in ADPKD

A

liver

92
Q

common causes of death n ADPKD

A
  • coronary or HTN heart dz
  • ruptured aneurysm
  • HTN IC hemorrhage
93
Q

MC form of ARPKD

A

perinatal

94
Q

MC findings in perinatal ARPKD

A
  • cystic collecting duct/portal fibrosis

- hypoplastic lungs

95
Q

PKD1 gene location

A

ch 6

96
Q

PKD2 gene location

A

ch 4

97
Q

location of cysts in medullary sponge kidney

A

collecting ducts of the medulla

98
Q

inheritance of nonfamilial/sporadic medullary cystic dz

A

AD

99
Q

nheritance of familial/juvenile medullary cystic dz

A

AR

100
Q

medullary cystic kidney disease gene location

A

ch 16

101
Q

MC ass’t with multicystic renal dysplasia

A
  • uretopelvic obstuction

- possible absent ureter

102
Q

most serious ass’t with acquired cystic kidney dz

A

renal cell carcinoma

103
Q

cells that give rise to renal oncocytoma

A

type A intercalated cells of renal collecting ducts

104
Q

retinal-renal dysplasia is a form of

A

medullary cystic kidney disease

105
Q

carcinoma ass’d with Hb-SS

A

renal medullary

106
Q

v uncommon symptom in most solid mass ca BUT occurs in renal cell ca

A

fever!

107
Q

MC mets of renal cell ca

A

lungs > bone, liver, adrenals, brain

108
Q

weird elaboration of renal cell ca not seen in many other neoplasms

A

lipids (therefore can do oil red O stain)

109
Q

ass’t with urothelial carcinomas of the renal pelvis

A

Lyndh syndrome and analgesic nephropathy

110
Q

MC tumors that met TO the kidney & morphology

A

lung, melanomas, breast, GI, pancreas; they are multifocal & b/l

Renal II (7 decks)

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