Path overview COPY Flashcards
pathology defined
medical science, and specialty practice,
concerned with all aspects of disease, but with
special reference to the essential nature, causes,
and development of abnormal conditions, as well as
the structural and functional changes that result
from the disease processes.
Surgical Oral Pathology vs. Clinical Oral Pathology
Surgical Oral Pathology: biopsy/ diagnosis
Clinical Oral Pathology: in the clinic/ consults
What is Disease?
■ A disease is an abnormal condition that may impair bodily function, cause discomfort, social problems, death
Disease may include
– Injuries – Disabilities – Disorders – Syndromes – Infections – Alterations of behavior – Atypical variations of structure and functio
general naming of diseases
may change overtime or even have multiple names for one disease
acronyms and eponyms possible
Sign vs Symptom
Sign ■ Objective ■ Something you see Symptom ■ Subjective ■ Something the patient tells you
Pathognomonic
Pathognomonic
■ A sign whose presence mean that a particular disease is present
beyond any doubt
Morbidity vs Mortality
Morbidity
■ The disease state of an individual
■ Incidence (number) of illness in a population
Mortality
■ The state of being mortal
■ Incidence (number) of death in a
population
lesion as a term
very generic, can refer to many things
invisible lesions?
LOCATED DEEP WITHIN THE BODY or have a molecular basis
Categories of Disease
■ Developmental– Genetic, environmental
■ Infectious– Bacteria, fungal, virus
■ Neoplastic– Benign, malignant
■ Metabolic– Endocrine
■ Immune-mediated– Allergy, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity
■ Reactive– Physical, chemical, factitial, iatrogenic injuries
Radiolucent
■ Allows the passage of x-rays. Appears black. Destruction of
bone.
can be well or ill defined
Radiopaque
■ Blocks the passage of x-rays. Appears white. Formation of
bone or other mineralized material
can be well or ill defined
Vesicle
■ A small circumscribed elevated lesion usually less than 1cm
in diameter, usually contains serous fluid
Bulla
■ Circumscribed elevated lesion that is around 1cm in
diameter, usually contains serous fluid
Pustule
Pustule
■ Various sized circumscribed elevations containing pus
Lobule
■ A segment or lobe that is a part of the whole, these lobes sometimes appear fused
Macule
■ An area that is usually distinguished by a color different from that of the surrounding tissue: It is flat and does not protrude above the surface of the normal tissue.
not felt but seen
Papule
■ A small circumscribed lesion usually less than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue.
not fluid filled
Nodule
■ A circumscribed lesion usually greater than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above or below the surface of normal surrounding tissue
Pedunculated
Pedunculated
■ Attached by a stem-like or stalk base
Sessile
Sessile
■ Describing the base of a lesion that is flat stem-like
Ulcer/ errosion
Ulcer: A loss of continuity of the epithelium that penetrates to the the underlying connective tissue
erosion similar but connective tissue not exposed, not entire depth of epithelium
Plaque
Plaque
■ A patch or differentiated area on a body surface, slightly raised
can be erythematous (red) or leukoplakia (white)
Corrugated
Wrinkled texture
Fissure –
A cleft or grove, normal otherwise, showing
prominent depth
Papillary
Resembling small nipple-shaped projections or
elevations found in clusters
possible surface textures
smooth, rough, wrinkled
name this
vesicles
name this
bulla
name this
pustule
name this
lobule
macule
papule
nodule
pedunculated papillary
sessile nodule
ulcer
erythematous and leukoplakia
texture
corrugated
fissures
papillary
