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Term 3 Finals > Path Integument Term 4 TQs > Flashcards

Path Integument Term 4 TQs Flashcards

1
Q

What causes actinic injury?

A

UV Radiation

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2
Q

What can actinic injury lead to?

A

Solar dermatosis, keratosis, cutaneous neoplasia (SCC)

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3
Q

What are the different types of photosensitization?

A

Type I – caused by pants ( hypericum perforatusm, fagopyrum exculentum) or drugs (phenothiazine) Type II – caused by inherited porphyrin metabolism. Type III – Hepatogenous photosensitization. Most common form. Associated with liver desease and phylloenrythrin deficit

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4
Q

What is photoenhanced dermatoses?

A

Immune mediated Dz aggravated by UV light → lupus, dermatomyositis, photo vasculitis of horse

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5
Q

What is Dermatosis vegetans?

A

Inherited autosomal Dz of landrace pigs

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6
Q

CS of dermatosis vegetans?

A

Vegetating skin lesions, hoof malformations, giant cells → death

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7
Q

Whatn are dermatosis vegetans lesions present?

A

at brith or 2-3mo

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8
Q

Atopy definition?

A

A genetic predisposition to inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease

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9
Q

Mechanism of atopic dermatitis?

A

Type I hypersensitivity with IgE antibodies to the environmental allergens

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10
Q

CS of Atropic Dermatitis?

A

Pruritis, exoriations,secondary bacterial and yeast infections

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11
Q

Insect bite hypersensitivity is cause by what reactions?

A

Type I and IV hypersensitivity reactions to salivary antigens from insect bites

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12
Q

Classic examples of insect bite hypersensitivity?

A

Culicoides, flea bite, mosquito

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13
Q

Gorss lesions of insect bite hypersensitivity?

A

papularar to exudative dermatitis, miliary dermatitis (fleas in cats)

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14
Q

What is the pathogenesis of superficial pemphigus?

A

Autoantibodies react with desmoglein 1 → cytotoxic injury and acantholysis of the superficial epidermis → subcorneal pustules

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15
Q

Histo lesions of superficial pemphigus?

A

Subcorneal pustules, acantholytic keratinocytes

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16
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris (deep pemphigus) vs. superficial pemphigus?

A

Deep pemphigus is more severe, may lead to illness with pyrexia, depression, and anorexia

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17
Q

Deep Pemphigus?

A

AutoAbs react with desmoglein 3 → cytotoxic injury and acantholysis of deep epidermis → subrabasilar vesicles

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18
Q

Gross lesions of Deep Pemphigus?

A

Vesiculo-ulcerative lesions of oral mucusa, mucocutaneous junctions, or skin.

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19
Q

Histo lesions of Deep Pemphigus?

A

Suprabasilar vesicles, pustules, acantholytic keratinocytes, and “tombstoning” of basal cells

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20
Q

What is SLE?

A

Multi-organ disease of humans and dogs

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21
Q

Pathogenesis of SLE?

A

Formation of autoAbs which are directed against many different cellular and soluble antigens including nucleic acids.

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22
Q

What is the principle mechanism of injury in SLE?

A

immune complex formation and deposition (type III hypersensitivity) in a number of tissues including skin.

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23
Q

What is frequently diagnostic of SLE?

A

Elevation of antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer

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24
Q

CS of SLE?

A

General local erythema, depigmentation, alopecia, scaling, crusting

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25
Q

Gross lesions of SLE?

A

local or general. Erythema, depigmentation, alopecia, scaling, crusting and ulceration. Most commonly on face.

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26
Q

In what animals is dermatophytosis found?

A

Humans and animals, especially cats and young animals.

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27
Q

what organisms cause dermatophytosis?

A

Micosproum sp. And Trichophyton sp.

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28
Q

Gross lesions of Dermatophytosis?

A

Circular to irregular, skaly to crusty patches of alopecia

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29
Q

Histo lesions of dermatophytosis?

A

Perifolliculitis and luminal folliculitis with occasional furunculosis and epidermal hyperplasia

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30
Q

What causes the clinical Dz in dermatophytosis?

A

Host’s immune reaction

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31
Q

What is malassezia?

A

Yeast that is commensal on the skin

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32
Q

When does malassezia cause clinical dermatitis?

A

When microclimate or host defenses are altered

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33
Q

Gross lesions of Malassezia dermatitis?

A

Erythematous, scaly, lichenified and alopecic dermatitis (especially in skin folds)

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34
Q

Histologic lesions of Malassezia dermatitis?

A

Acanthosis with parakeratosis, spongiosis, lymphocytic exocytosis, +/- yeast.

35
Q

What causes Subcutaneous Mycoses?

A

Traumatic implantation of fungi from the environment

36
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses lesions?

A

Nodular granulomatous to pyogranulomatous panniculitis and dermatitis

37
Q

What is acral lick dermatitis and what are other names for it?

A

A common psychogenic dermatitis caused by persistent licking/chewing usually on the extremities. Aka: lick granuloma, or neurodermatitis

38
Q

What is pyotrumatic dermatitis and what are other names for it?

A

Common condition in dogs with pain or pruritis → self trauma and secondary bacterial infection. (Pyo = neutrophilic). Aka: Hot spots or acute moist dermatitis

39
Q

What is Intertrigo?

A

Dermatitis caused by trauma and microbial proliferation at apposed moist skin surfaces.

40
Q

where is Intertrigo most commonly found?

A

Dogs with excessive skin folds around the face, tail and vulva. Cows with large pendulous udders

41
Q

What is feline ulcerative dermatitis?

A

Uncommon disorder of cats caused by self-trauma associated with injections, topical therapy or hypersensitivity Typically develops on dorsal neck.

42
Q

What causes a callus?

A

chronic trauma at pressure points

43
Q

Pathogenesis of frostbite?

A

Cold → vasoconstriction, necrosis of vessels, and increased blood viscosity → ischemic necrosis and gangrene of extremities

44
Q

Frostbite occurance?

A

Rare in healthy animals. May occur in neonates with wet fur and hypoglycemia

45
Q

First degree burn

A

Epidermis only

46
Q

Second degree burn?

A

epidermis and part of dermis

47
Q

Third degree burn?

A

Full thickness necrosis of skin

48
Q

What do third degree burns result in?

A

permanent scarring and life threatening infection and fluid loss

49
Q

Pathogenesis of Mycobacterial granulomas?

A

Mycobacterium surviving inside macrophages prevent the fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes.

50
Q

How do you identify mycobacteria in mycobacterial granulomas?

A

Acid-fast stains: Ziehl-neelsen stain, Fite-faraco stain

51
Q

what do obligate intracellular pathogens cause?

A

Tuberculosis and leprosy

52
Q

Opportunistic pathogens and what do they cause?

A

Saprophytic mycobacteriium sp. Cause infection through wound contamination → mycobacteriosis.

53
Q

What causes non-filamentous bacterial granulomas (Botryomycosis)

A

Staph, Strep, Pseudomonas, Actinobacillus lignieresii, Proteus.

54
Q

What causes filamentous bacterial granulomas?

A

Nocardia, Actinomyces, Streptomyces

55
Q

What should you always do when granulomatous inflammation is present?

A

Always suspect infection. Biopsy with histopathology and bacterial culture to rule out infectious etiologies before considering sterile granuloma.

56
Q

What granulomas are idiopathic, and in dogs of any age?

A

Sterile granulomas/ pyogranuloma syndrome

57
Q

what occurs in puppies less than 4 months old, involves the lymph nodes and has unknown pathogenesis?

A

Juvenile sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis

58
Q

What lesions are found with Juvenile sterile granulomatous dermatits and lymphadenitis?

A

papules, plawues or nodules occuring on the head and extremities. Histologically, no microbes are found.

59
Q

What are four mechanisms of bacterial infections affecting blood vessels that can lead to skin lesions?

A

Bacterial embolism, bacterial toxins, infection of vascular epithelium, type III hypersensitivity

60
Q

Examples of systemic bacterial infections and their cutaneous lesions ?

A
  1. Erisipelothrix rhusiopathiae – ebolism → vasculitis, thrombosis, and infarction (diamond skin disase.) 2. Salmonellosis: endotoxin induced venous thrombosis → cyanosis and necrosis of distal extremities. 3. E. coli: Shiga toxin → endothelial damage, vasculitis → edema disease of pigs. 4. Staph aureus: exotoxin production ==> toxic shock syndrom in dogs. 5. Strep canis: exotoxin → vascular damage in necrotizing faciitis. 6. Richettsia rickettsia: infects endothelial cells → vasculitis and necrotic skin lesions (RMSF)
61
Q

What bacteria causes canine superficial pyoderma?

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius +/- predisposing factors

62
Q

Gross lesions of canine superficial pyoderma?

A

Collarettes, macules, papules, pustules, crusts

63
Q

Pathogenesis of Deep pyoderma?

A

Deep bact. Infection of hair follicle (folliculitis) → follicular distension and rupture (furunculosis) → release of hair shaft, bact., and keratin debris → severe localized deep dermatitis (infection and foreign body type inflammation)

64
Q

In what animal is deep pyoderma most common and where is it found?

A

Dogs, on pressure points and on the feet and interdigital spaces

65
Q

what bacteria is associated with deep pyoderma?

A

S. pseudointermedius

66
Q

Which is more common, superficial or deep pyoderma?

A

superficial

67
Q

What is Cellulitis?

A

Poorly demarcated area of bacterial infection causing supperative inflammation of the dermis, subcutis and underlying muscle. (painful)

68
Q

What is the usual source of cellulitis infeciton?

A

Penetrating wound or other injury

69
Q

What is necrotizing faciitis?

A

Rare, severe form of cellulitis that results in flesh eating bacteria syndrome

70
Q

What bacteria is associated with dogs that have necrotizing faciitis?

A

Streptococcus canis

71
Q

why is necrotizing faciitis life threatening?

A

Concurrent septic shock

72
Q

Which poxviruses are most pathogenic?

A

Sheeppox and goatpox caused by capripoxvirus as they typically result in systemic infection with mortality in young animals

73
Q

Which poxviruses are zoonotic?

A

monkeypox, cowpox, and parapoxvirus

74
Q

Pathogenesis of poxviruses

A

Viral invasion of epithelium → simulation of DNA → epidermal and dermal hyperplasia → vascular injury and ischemic necrosis (virus → proliferation → necrosis)

75
Q

Pox lesion development

A

Macule > papule > vesicle > umbilicated pustule > crust > scar

76
Q

What causes atrophy?

A

Starvation, malnutrition, cushings, iatrogenic cushings

77
Q

Pathogenesis of solar elastosis?

A

Chronic uv radiation –> increased thick, interwoven basophillic elastic fibers –> accumulate and thicken

78
Q

Causes of vasculitis?

A

infection, IM injury, toxins and drug rxn, DIC, ideopathic

79
Q

What does type II hypersensitivity cause during SLE?

A

Edema, hemorrhage, ischemia, and infarction due to vasculitis.

80
Q

Edotheliotrphic infections?

A

Repes, RMSV, FIV

81
Q

Bacterial embolism

A

Erispileothirx “diamond skin Dz of pigs”

82
Q

Paniculitis

A

Inflammation of SQ adipose tissue

83
Q

What causes paniculitis?

A

infectious (bact/fungus), immune mediated SLE, Physical injury, Nutritional disorder (Vit E-cats) Pancreatic Dz, Idiopathic,

Term 3 Finals (7 decks)

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