Kumar Final Review - GI - AH

Question 1

Appetite stimulants/ suppressants

Answer 1

Stim – GABA, Supres – Serotonin

Question 2

MOA of Dirlotapide?

Answer 2

Selective inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein

Question 3

What is another name for Dirlotapide?

Answer 3

Slentrol

Question 4

Centrally acting Emetic drug?

Answer 4

Apomophine Hydrochloride – dogs only

Question 5

What are the classes of anti-emetic drugs acting on the CTZ?

Answer 5

Butyrophenone derivatives, Peripheral 5HT3 serotonin antagonists, NK-1 receptor blockers

Question 6

What drugs are in the Buyrophenoone derivatives category?

Answer 6

Halperidol, Droperidol

Question 7

What drugs are in the peripheral 5HT3 serotonin antagonists group?

Answer 7

Cyproheptadine, Ondansetron

Question 8

Which anti-emetic can be used to treat Chemotherapeutic related emesis?

Answer 8

Ondansetron

Question 9

What drug is a NK-1 receptor blocker?

Answer 9

Maropitant Citrate (Cerenia)

Question 10

What is the MOA of Maropitant Citrate?

Answer 10

Blocks substance P mediated neurotransmission

Question 11

What are the targets for anti-secretory anti-ulcer drugs?

Answer 11

H2 receptor antagonists (Famotidine and Nizatindine) Proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole) Prostaglandins (Misoprotol)

Question 12

Which of the H2 antagonists is more potent?

Answer 12

Famotidine

Question 13

How is Nazatindine eliminated and who does that help?

Answer 13

Eliminated by kidneys → better for liver Dz patients

Question 14

MOA of Omeprazole

Answer 14

Irreversibly inhibits H/K -ATPase proton pump

Question 15

Adverse reactions of Omeprazole?

Answer 15

Suppression of the acid barrier → Bact. Entry, aspiration pneumonia, hypergastrinemia, inhibit CP450 –> interferes with metabolism of certain drugs

Question 16

Which antacid can be used as a systemic cytoprotective drug?

Answer 16

Sodium Bicarbonate

Question 17

Prostaglandin E1cytoprotective drug?

Answer 17

Misoprostal

Question 18

What does aluminum sucrose sulfate need to work?

Answer 18

Acidic environment. Antacid → no cytoprotective activation

Question 19

What part of bismuth subsalicylate absorbs toxins and what part decreases intestinal secretions (diarrhea)

Answer 19

Bismuth – absorbs toxins, Salicylate – decreases intestinal secretions

Question 20

List the prokinetic drugs increasing GI motility

Answer 20

Bethanechol, metoclopramide, Cisapride, Domperidone

Question 21

MOA of Bethanechol?

Answer 21

Cholinergic agonist → enhances amplitude of contractions through the GIT

Question 22

Classes of drugs that decrease GI motility?

Answer 22

Anti-cholinergic agents, Opiods, Meperidine Congeners

Question 23

List the anti-cholinergic agonists that decrease GI motility

Answer 23

Atropine, Glycopyrrolate

Question 24

List the Opiods that decrease GI motility

Answer 24

Morphine, Meperidine (also improves sphincter tone → do not use in diarrhea from bact. Infections

Question 25

List the Meperidine congeners

Answer 25

Diphenoxylate (lomotil), Loperamide (immodium), Difenoxin, Paregoric

Question 26

GI protecting and Absorbents

Answer 26

Koalin and Pectin, Bismuth Subsalicylate, Activated Charcoal, cholestyramine

Question 27

What do you use activated charcoal for?

Answer 27

ER Tx of poisoning – admin saline laxative 30-45 mins after tx to flush

Question 28

Which GI protectant is a basic anion exchange resin?

Answer 28

Cholestyramine

Question 29

Emollient laxitives

Answer 29

Mineral Oil and Docusate Sodium

Question 30

Bulk forming laxatives

Answer 30

Psyllium Granules

Question 31

Saline Purgatives (osmotic cathartics)

Answer 31

Magnesium sulphate, Sodium Sulfate, Magnesium Hydroxide, Mannitol and sorbitol, Lactulose

Question 32

Irritant cathartics?

Answer 32

Castor Oil and Anthraquinone Purgatives

Question 33

what can be used to treat sand colic in horses?

Answer 33

Psyllium Granules

Question 34

What does castor oil get degraded into by enzymes?

Answer 34

Emolline

Question 35

Tx for retention enemas?

Answer 35

4% solution acetylcysteine

Question 36

Tx for Meconium retention

Answer 36

Docusate sodium, Mineral oil

Question 37

Drugs affecting the liver

Answer 37

Cholagogues (magnesium sulfate) and Choleretics ( Glycocholate, Taurocholate, UDCA)

Question 38

MOA of cholagogues?

Answer 38

Contracts the gall bladder via release of CCK

Question 39

MOA of Choleretics?

Answer 39

Increases bile secretion

Question 40

Drugs to treat frothy bloat

Answer 40

Dimeticon, Poloxalene