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Unit 5 JG > path images > Flashcards

path images Flashcards

1
Q
A

normal glomerulus

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2
Q

Potter sequence: pulm hypoplasia and what shown in pic

A

bilat renal agenesis

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3
Q
A

horseshoe kidney

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4
Q

immature glomeruli, tubules, and cartilage are surrounded by loose, undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue

A

renal dysplasia

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5
Q
A

multicystic renal dysplasia (does not have a reniform shape)

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6
Q

MOI of this polycystic kidney disease

A

autosomal dominant

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7
Q

MOI of this polycystic kidney disease

A

autosomal recessive

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8
Q

this disease causes 90% of primary nephrotic syndrome cases in children younger than 5, 50% in older children, and 15% in adults

A

minimal change disease (no abnormality on light microscopy)

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9
Q

finding in minimal change disease on electron micrograph

A

effacement of foot processes

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10
Q
A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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11
Q
A

HIV assoc nephropathy

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12
Q

glomerulus is slightly enlarged and shows diffuse thickening of capillary walls, there is no hypercellularity

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

silver stain reveals multiple “spikes” diffusely distributed in the glomerular capillary basement membranes

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

IF shows granular deposits of IgG outlining the glomerular capillary loops

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

increase in mesangial matrix forming several nodular lesions. Dilation of glomerular capillaries, some basement membranes are thickened

A

diabetic glomerulosclerosis

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16
Q

EM shows nodular aggregate of basement membrane-like material (BMM). Peripheral capillary (C) demonstrates diffuse basement membrane widening

A

advanced diabetic glomerulosclerosis

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17
Q

amorphous acellular material expands the mesangial areas and obstructs glomerular capillaries

A

amyloid nephropathy

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18
Q

Congo red stain under polarized light shows characteristic apple green birefringence

A

amyloid nephropathy

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19
Q

deposits of fibrils in a glomerulus adjacent to podocyte cytoplasm with effaced foot processes

A

amyloid nephropathy

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20
Q

lamina densa of glomerular BM is laminated rather than forming a single dense band

A

hereditary nephritis aka Alport syndrome

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21
Q

masson trichrome stain, may contain neutrophils

A

acute post-strep glomerulonephritis

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22
Q

EM shows numerous subepithelial humps (arrows) and mesangial hypercellularity (arrowheads). Capillary lumina (L) are markedly narrowed

A

acute post infectious glomerulonephritis

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23
Q

IF shows granular staining for C3 in capillary walls and mesangium

A

acute post infectious glomerulonephritis

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24
Q

glomerular lobulation is accentuated, increased cells and matrix in mesangium, thickening of capillary walls

A

type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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25
Q

double contour BM (arrows) with mesangial interposition (arrowhead) and prominent subendothelial deposits

A

Type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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26
Q

IF shows granular to band-like staining for C3 in the capillary walls and mesangium

A

type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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27
Q

arrows point to a small crescent, C3 glomerulopathy

A

dense deposit disease

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28
Q

thickening of BM with intramembranous dense deposits

A

C3 glomerulopathy, dense deposit disease

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29
Q

bands of capillary wall staining and coarsely granular mesangial staining for C3

A

C3 glomerulopathy, dense deposit disease

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30
Q

segmental endocapillary hypercellularity (arrows) and thickening of capillary walls (arrowhead)

A

proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis

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31
Q

large subendothelial and mesangial dense deposits (M) and a few subepithelial (SE) deposits. Endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions (arrows) are present

A

diffuse proliferative class IV-G lupus glomerulonephritis

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32
Q

segmental staining for immunoglobulin G in the capillary walls and mesangium

A

diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis

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33
Q

deposits of IgA in mesangial areas

A

IgA nephropathy

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34
Q

segmental mesangial hypercellularity and matrix expansion caused by the mesangial immune deposits (periodic acid-Schiff stain)

A

IgA nephropathy

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35
Q

linear IF for IgG is seen along the GBM

A

anti glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis

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36
Q

Bowman space is filled by a cellular crescent (between arrows)

A

crescentic anti GBM glomerulonephritis

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37
Q

segmental fibrinoid necrosis. in time, this lesion stimulates crescent formation

A

antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody glomerulonephritis

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38
Q

silver stain shows focal disruption of glomerular BMs and crescent formation within the Bowman space

A

antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody glomerulonephritis

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39
Q

conspicuous glassy aggregates (hyaline thrombi, arrows) in the capillary lumina and subendothelial spaces

A

Cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis

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40
Q

vasculitis. fibrinoid necrosis and inflammation involve an interlobular artery in the renal cortex

A

antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody necrotizing arteritis

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41
Q

kidney is reduced in size and cortical surface exhibits fine granularity

A

hypertensive nephrosclerosis

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42
Q

three arterioles with hyaline sclerosis (arrow)

A

hypertensive nephrosclerosis

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43
Q

arcuate artery with fibrotic intimal thickening causing narrowing of the lumen (arrow)

A

hypertensive nephrosclerosis

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44
Q

one glomerulus with global sclerosis (arrow) and one with segmental sclerosis (arrowhead). also tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and chronic inflam

A

hypertensive nephrosclerosis

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45
Q

red fibrinoid necrosis (arrow) in the wall of the arteriole on teh righ and clear edematous expansion (arrowhead) in the intima of the interlobular artery on the left

A

malignant hypertensive nephropathy

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46
Q

______ obstructing an arcuate artery, note cholesterol clefts

A

atheroembolus

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47
Q

capillary lumens (large arrowhead) are obliterated by swollen endothelial cells (arrows), mesangial vacuolization is shown (small double arrowheads)

A

preeclampsia

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48
Q
A

renal infarcts (areas of pallor)

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49
Q

necrosis of individual tubular epithelial cells is evident both from focal denudation of the tubular BM (thick arrows) and from the individual necrotic epithelial cells (thin arrows) present in some tubular lumina. casts fill many tubules

A

ischemic acute tubular injury

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50
Q

widespread necrosis of proximal tubular (P) epithelial cells, with sparing of distal and collecting tubules (D)

A

toxic acute tubular necrosis due to mercury poisoning

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51
Q

extensive infiltrate of neutrophils in collecting tubules and interstitial tissue

A

acute pyelonephritis

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52
Q

dilated renal pelvis and dilated calyces secondary to UT obstruction. papillae are all necrotic and appear as sharply demarcated, ragged, yellowish areas

A

papillary necrosis

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53
Q

cortical surface contains many irregular, depressed scars (reddish areas in A). marked dilation of calyces (caliectasis) caused by inflam destruction of papillae, with atrophy and scarring of overlying cortext (B)

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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54
Q

many tubules contain eosinophilic hyaline casts resembling the colloid of thyroid follicles (thyroidization)

A

tubular dilation and atrophy

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55
Q

granulomatous rxn full of foamy histiocytes (arrows), simulates a tumor

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

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56
Q

interstitial edema and infiltration by mononuclear leukocytes, with admixed eosinophils

A

hypersensitivity tubulointerstitial nephritis

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57
Q

_____ deposits appear as golden streaks in the medulla (arrows)

A

urate (nephropathy)

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58
Q

frozen section demonstrates tubular deposits of ____ acid crystals

A

uric (urate nephropathy)

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59
Q

hydronephrosis and stones that are casts of dilated calyces

A

staghorn calculi

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60
Q

_____ due to bilateral UT obstruction

A

hydronephrosis

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61
Q

preformed antibody against recipient antigens causes an immediate in situ reaction with hemorrhage developing due to vascular necrosis

A

hyperacute rejection

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62
Q

staining of peritubular and glomerular capillaries with an anti-C4d Ab showing evidence of complement activation by antibodies directed against donor antigens on endothelial cells

A

acute antibody mediated allograft rejection

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63
Q

acute antibody mediated necrotizing acute vasculitis in an interlobular artery with extensive fibrinoid necrosis of the muscularis, infiltrates of mononuclear leukocytes indicate concurrent acute cellular rejection

A

acute antibody mediated allograft rejection

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64
Q

_______________ with tubulitis indicated by lymphocytes on the epithelial side of the BM

A

acute tubulointerstitial cellular rejection

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65
Q

with endarteritis indicated by mononuclear leukocytes infiltrating the intima of an arcuate artery

A

acute cellular vascular rejection

66
Q

the lumen of this medium sized artery is occluded by a thickened intima, which contains a few inflam cells

A

chronic allograft rejection

67
Q

marked destructive hyalinosis of arterioles due to which drug

A

cyclosporine nephrotoxicity with arteriolopathy

68
Q

small stellate to polygonal cells in a loose stroma, often an incidental finding on autopsy

A

medullary fibroma

69
Q
A

Wilms tumor

70
Q

highly cellular areas of undifferentiated blastema (B), loose stroma (S) containing undiff mesenchymal cells and immature tubules (T), many mitotic figures (arrows)

A

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

71
Q

large irregular neoplasm with a varigated cut surface, yellow areas correspond to lipid-containing cells

A

clear cell renal cell carcinoma

72
Q

islands of neoplastic cells with abundant clear cytoplasm

A

clear cell renal carcinoma

73
Q

papillary fronds covered by neoplastic cells

A

papillary renal cell carcinoma

74
Q

pale acidophilic granular cells with prominent cell borders

A

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

75
Q
A

exstrophy of urinary bladder

76
Q

caused by an indwelling catheter

A

acute cystitis

77
Q

foci of mucosal hemorrhage

A

acute cystitis

78
Q

polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltrate mucosa

A

acute cystitis

79
Q

chronic inflam infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells is present in the edematous lamina propria

A

chronic cystitis

80
Q

hemorrhagic defect (arrow) in teh edematous mucosa of the posterior wall of the bladder is a Hunner ulcer in what type of cystitis

A

interstitial cystitis

81
Q

inflam cells are mainly macrophages with fewer lymphocytes, inset shows a michaelis-gutmann body (arrow)

A

malakoplakia

82
Q
A
83
Q

(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)

A

normal

84
Q

(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)

A

hyperplasia

85
Q

(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)

A

cystitis cystica, Brunn nests (straight arrows) and cysts (curved arrows) protrude into lamina propria

86
Q

(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)

A

cystitis glandularis. metaplastic glandular mucosa (arrows)

87
Q

(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)

A

squamous metaplasia–keratinizing layer on superficial epithelium

88
Q

(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)

A

nephrogenic metaplasia (arrows)

89
Q
A

ureteritis cystica–mucosa of proximal ureter exhibits its small cystic structures

90
Q

urothelial mucosa shows nuclear pleomorphism and lack of polarity from basal layer to surface, without evidence of maturation

A

urothelial carcinoma in situ

91
Q

large exophytic tumor is situated above the bladder neck

A

urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder

92
Q

(low grade/high grade/invasive) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

A

low grade–exophytic papillae with central connective tissue core and are lined by slightly disorganized transitional epithelium

93
Q

(low grade/high grade/invasive) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

A

high grade–prominent architectural disorganization of the epithelium, which contains cells with pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei

94
Q

(low grade/high grade/invasive) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

A

invasive–irregular nests of hyperchromatic cells invading into the muscularis

95
Q
A

condylomata acuminata of the penis

96
Q

lesion on penis: epidermal hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, and papillomatosis

A

condylomata acuminata

97
Q
A

verrucous carcinoma of the penis–arises on the glans and appears as an exophytic mass

98
Q

this testis removed from a postpubertal man shows a markedly thickened hyalinized basement membrane (arrows) of seminiferous tubules, which show no signs of spermatogenesis (cryptochidism/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/germ cell aplasia/postirradiation tubular atrophy of the testis)

A

cryptochidism

99
Q

the testis of this 25yom is composed of immature seminiferous tubules similar to those seen in prepubertal boys (cryptochidism/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/germ cell aplasia/postirradiation tubular atrophy of the testis)

A

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

100
Q

the seminiferous tubules are lined by sertoli cells and do not contain germ cells (cryptochidism/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/germ cell aplasia/postirradiation tubular atrophy of the testis)

A

germ cell aplasia-Sertoli cell only syndrome

101
Q

seminiferous tubules are hyalinized and there is no evidence of spermatogenesis (cryptochidism/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/germ cell aplasia/postirradiation tubular atrophy of the testis)

A

postirradiation tubular atrophy of the testis

102
Q

epidiymal ducts contain numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes

A

bacterial epididymitis

103
Q

interstitial spaces are infiltrated with mononuclear ells that spill focally into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. inflam has interrupted normal spermatogenesis

A

viral orchitis

104
Q

seminiferous tubules show no signs of spermatogenesis but instead contain large atypical cells corresponding to intratubular carcinoma in situ

A

intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN)

105
Q
A

seminoma

106
Q
A

nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis

107
Q

_____ carcinoma component of a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor

A

embryonal

108
Q

nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: (yolk sac component/choriocarcinoma component)

A

yolk sac

109
Q

nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: (yolk sac component/choriocarcinoma component)

A

choriocarcinoma

110
Q
A

teratoma

111
Q

Reinke crystals in cytoplasm

A

leydig cell tumor

112
Q

childhood tumor, Schiller Duval bodies marked by arrows (glomeruloid structures)

A

yolk sac tumor

113
Q
A

sertoli cell tumor

114
Q
A

nodular hyperplasia of the prostate

115
Q

prostate

A

hyperplastic prostate glands in nodular hyperplasia

116
Q
A

high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

117
Q

Gleason grade _

A

1

118
Q

Gleason grade _

A

3

119
Q

Gleason grade _

A

5

120
Q
A

prostatic carcinoma mets to the spine

121
Q
A

empty sella syndrome

122
Q
A

pituitary adenoma

123
Q

pituitary _____ adenoma from a man with acromegaly

A

somatotrope (cords and ribbons tumor cell arrangement)

124
Q
A

craniopharyngioma

125
Q

marked variation in size of thyroid follicles

A

nontoxic goiter

126
Q

coronal section of the enlarged thyroid shows numerous irregular nodules, some with cystic and old hemorrhage

A

nontoxic goiter

127
Q

(hashimoto’s/graves’)

A

graves

128
Q

(hashimoto/graves): follicles are lined by hyperplastic, tall columnar cells. colloid is scalloped at the periphery

A

graves

129
Q

(hashimoto/graves): symmetrically enlarged and coarsely nodular

A

hashimoto (chronic autoimmune)

130
Q

(hashimoto/graves): chronic inflam infiltrate and many atrophic thyroid follicles

A

hashimoto

131
Q

(acute/subacute/chronic) thyroiditis: release of colloid into the interstitial tissue has elicited a prominent granulomatous reaction, with numerous foreign body giant cells

A

subacute

132
Q

______ thyroiditis: thyroid parenchyma is largely replaced by dense, hyalinzed fibrous tissue (arrows) and a chronic inflam infiltrate

A

riedel

133
Q

(colloid/embryonal/fetal/hurthle cell) adenoma. hemorrhage, fibrosis, and cystic change

A

colloid

134
Q

(colloid/embryonal/fetal/hurthle cell) adenoma. trabecular pattern with poorly formed follicles that contain little if any colloid

A

embryonal

135
Q

(colloid/embryonal/fetal/hurthle cell) adenoma. regular pattern of small follicles

A

fetal

136
Q

(colloid/embryonal/fetal/hurthle cell) adenoma. cells with small, regular nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm

A

Hurthle

137
Q

papillary (carcinoma/adenoma) of the thyroid

A

carcinoma (pale tan mass with foci of cystic change)

138
Q

papillary (carcinoma/adenoma) of the thyroid. clacospherite aka psammoma body is evident

A

carcinoma

139
Q

(papillary/follicular) carcinoma of the thyroid

A

follicular

140
Q

(papillary/medullary/follicular) carcinoma of the thyroid

A

medullary

141
Q

(papillary/medullary/follicular) carcinoma of the thyroid. nests of polygonal cells embedded in a collagenous framework

A

medullary

142
Q

(papillary/medullary/follicular) carcinoma of the thyroid. congo red stain and polarized light >>pale green birefringence of amyloid

A

medullary

143
Q

(papillary/medullary/follicular/anaplastic) carcinoma of the thyroid

A

anaplastic

144
Q

(papillary/medullary/follicular/anaplastic) carcinoma of the thyroid. bizarre spindle and giant cells with polyploid nuclei and prominent mitotic activity

A

anaplastic

145
Q

characteristic short fourth and fifth metacarpal bones in this syndrome

A

pseudohypoparathyroidism

146
Q

parathyroid (carcinoma/adenoma)

A

adenoma

147
Q

parathyroid (adenoma/carcinoma). sheets of neoplastic chief cells separated from normal parenchyma by thin capsule

A

adenoma

148
Q

primary parathyroid (hyper/hypo) plasia

A

hyper

149
Q

female infant markedly virilized

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

150
Q

7 week old male died of severe salt wasting, both adrenal glands were markedly enlarged

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

151
Q

autoimmune adrenalitis: chronic inflam and fibrosis in the cortex, an island of residual atrophic cortical cells and an intact medulla. what disease?

A

addison

152
Q

cut surface of an adrenal (carcinoma/adenoma) removed from a patient with Cushings

A

adrenal adenoma

153
Q

adrenal (adenoma/carcinoma): nests of clear, lipid laden cells

A

adenoma

154
Q

adrenal (adenoma/carcinoma)

A

adrenal cortical carcinoma

155
Q

adrenal (adenoma/carcinoma)

A

adrenal cortical carcinoma

156
Q

what kind of adrenal tumor?

A

pheochromocytoma

157
Q

what kind of adrenal tumor? polyhedral tumor cells with ample finely granular cytoplasm, with enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei

A

pheochromocytoma

158
Q

what kind of adrenal tumor? IHC staining for chromogranin

A

pheochromocytoma

159
Q

(pheochromocytoma/neuroblastoma) in a child

A

neuroblastoma

160
Q

(pheochromocytoma/neuroblastoma) in a child

A

neuroblastoma

161
Q

(ganglioneuroma/pineocytoma)

A

pineocytoma

162
Q

(ganglioneuroma/pineocytoma)

A

ganglioneuroma

Unit 5 JG (4 decks)

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