Path II-Kidney Anatomy And Function

Question 1

Anatomy:

Kidneys are (retro/peritoneum/antero) structures.

Answer 1

Retroperitoneum

Question 2

Anatomy:

The kidneys are sensitive to low temperature, what insulates them?

Answer 2

Thick layer of fat

Question 3

Anatomy:

The kidney tissue has no pain receptors, explain how pain is felt for the kidney?

Answer 3

The kidney is covered by a capsule that is abundant in nocieceptors & baroreceptors.

Any pain felt is due to distension of the capsule.

Question 4

Anatomy:

Murphy punch test only determines what ?

Answer 4

Capsule distension

(Recall that the pain is felt as a result of capsule distension that could be due to tumors, kidney stones, hydronephrosis, nephritis etc. )

Question 5

Anatomy:

What structures are contained w/in the cortex of the kidney?

Answer 5

Glomeruli

The glomeruli is responsible for filtering blood, removing waste.

Question 6

Anatomy:

What is the collecting system of the kidney?

Which layer of the kidney is it located?

Answer 6

Pyramids

In Medulla

Question 7

Anatomy:

Path of urine collecting

Answer 7

Minor calyx —> Major calyx —> Renal Pelvis —> Ureter

Question 8

Function:

What are the 4 major functions of the kidney?

Answer 8

1. Excretion of waster products from metabolism Most important
2. Regulation of body’s concentration of salt&water
3. Maintain proper acid balance of plasma
4. Secretion of some hormones

Question 9

Function:

Hormone secreted by the kidney made by the ______ cells and is needed for Hematopoiesis.

Answer 9

Mesangial cells produce the hormone Erythropoietin

Question 10

Function:

If a cancer originated in the mesangial cells of the kidney what disorder would develop?

Answer 10

Erythemiopolycytemia.

Question 11

Function:

Hormone produced by the kidney that could be produced by any nucleated cells.

Answer 11

Prostaglandins

Question 12

Function:

Hormone secreted by the kidney that converts D2 (inactive) to D3 (active).

Answer 12

Calcitriol

Recall that calcitriol helps increase calcium uptake

Question 13

Function:

Hormone secreted by the kidney that is an enzyme that regulates blood pressure.

Answer 13

Renin

Recall that renin is made in the juxtaglomerular cells

Question 14

Anatomy:

What are the four major compartments of the kidney?

Answer 14

1. Glomeruli
2. Tubules
3. Interstitial tissue
4. Renal vessels
   * Recall these compartments are vulnerable to the etiological factor of disease*

Question 16

4 Major compartments of kidney:

Compartment of kidney more vulnerable to infection and toxins.

Answer 16

Tubules

Interstitial tissue

Question 17

4 Major compartments of kidney:

Compartment where filtration of the blood occurs and usually is vulnerable immunological response?

Answer 17

Glomeruli

recall that immune responses in the glomeruli can be tx w/ immuno suppressants