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GI II > Path Exam > Flashcards

Path Exam Flashcards

1
Q

plummer vinson syndrome involves iron deficient anemia, glossitis, and cheilosis (cracking at corners of the mouth) as well as what GI problem

A

esophageal webs

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2
Q

which esophageal problem can occur secondary to chagas disease (infection by trypanosome cruzi)

A

achalasia

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3
Q

while alcoholic cirrhosis is most often the cause of portal HTN that leads to esophageal varices in the western world, what can cause this complication elsewhere

A

schistosomiasis

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4
Q

cancer that results after chronic GERD –> Barrett esophagus –>

A

adenocarcinoma of the lower 1/3 esophagus

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5
Q

what is mutated in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

A

p16 and Rb

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6
Q

what kind of cancer is likely in the upper 2/3 of the esophagus

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

what is this patient at risk for? black man over 45 who uses alcohol, tobacco, hot liquids, achalasia, and from iran or central china or hong kong

A

squamous cell carcinoma: esophagus

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8
Q

these ulcers are likely to perforate and they occur in patients with intracranial disease which increases vagus firing –> increase acid release in stomach (esophagus, gastric, or duodenal)

A

cushing ulcer

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9
Q

these ulcers are found in proximal duodenum and are associated with burns and trauma

A

curling ulcer

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10
Q

most common cause of chronic gastritis

A

h pylori

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11
Q

this type of gastritis typically spares the antrum and involves excess gastrin production and loss of rugal folds

A

autoimmune gastritis

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12
Q

whats the major consequence of autoimmune chronic gastritis (and the reason these patients come to see doc)

A

impaired intrinsic factor production –> no b12 gets absorbed –> pernicious (macrocytic) anemia

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13
Q

foveolar cell hyperplasia that causes protein losing enteropathy (hypoproteinemia) after TGFalpha is overexpressed

A

menetrier disease

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14
Q

most gastric cancer is adenocarcinoma and germ line mutations in what gene precede many cases

A

CDH1 (a cadherin- loss of cell adhesion leads to carcinoma)

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15
Q

diffuse gastric tumors often contain ___ cells which are cells with peripheral nucleus that was pushed aside by intracellular mucin vacuoles

A

signet ring cells

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16
Q

most common place for a lymphoma to metastasize (extra nodal location)

A

GI tract esp stomach

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17
Q

MALTomas typically have what genetic marker

A

11:18 translocation (promote B cell survival)

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18
Q

Usually associated with bulky hepatic metastesis, ___ involves ileal tumors which cause cutaneous flushing, bronchospasm, increased bowel motility, right sided cardiac valve thickening

A

Carcinoid syndrome

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19
Q

Most common GI mesenchymal tumor and where its found

A

GIST (GI stromal tumor), stomach

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20
Q

GIST has a high association with what condition

A

Neurofibromatosis type I

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21
Q

GIST arises from what cells

A

Cells of cajal

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22
Q

Gain of function mutation in cKIT or PDGFRA are associated with what clinical manifestation

A

GIST

23
Q

Most common location for volvulus of bowel

A

Sigmoid colon

24
Q

Cause of intussusception in children

A

Spontaneous

25
Q

Cause of intussusception in adults

A

Tumor

26
Q

Common cause for ischemic bowel disease at the splenic flexure (watershed area between SMA and IMA)

A

Atherosclerosis, AAA, hypercoagulability, embolism, vasculitis, cardiac failure, shock, dehydration, vasoconstrictive drugs

27
Q

What MHC type is associated with celiac disease

A

HLA DQ 2 / 8

28
Q

What kind of T cell is involved in celiac disease damage

A

CD8 (IL15)

29
Q

We see flattened villi and elongated crypts in this disease

A

Celiac

30
Q

IPEX syndrome is due to germline mutation in the ___ gene and it can lead to autoimmune driven diarrhea (autoimmune enteropathy)

A

FOXP3

31
Q

What microorganism causes travelers. Diarrhea

A

Campylobacter jejuni (gram neg)

32
Q

Extra intestinal manifestations of travelers diarrhea (campylobacter)

A

Reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum, guillain barre

33
Q

Humans are the only reservoir for this bacteria which causes bloody diarrhea after invading the m cells

A

Shigellosis

34
Q

Worry. About this infection in people traveling to india, mexico, philipines who present with dysentery followed by bacteremia, fever, abdominal pain

A

Typhoid fever (salmonella typhii)

35
Q

This organism prefers. Ileum, appendix, R. Colon (can mimic appendicitis)

A

Yersinia

36
Q

Cause of pseudomembranous colitis (after normal flora is eliminated by antibiotics)

A

C diff

37
Q

Tropheryma whippelii causes __ to accumulate in small intestine villi lamina propria and lymph nodes in whipple disease

A

Foamy macrophages

38
Q

Viral causes of gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus

39
Q

Most common parasite to cause pathology in humans: causes microvilli brush border damage and malabsorption

A

Giardia lamblia

40
Q

Skip lesions (sharply delineated areas with granular and inflamed serosa and adherent creeping mesenteric fat) are associted with what condition

A

Crohns disease

41
Q

Aphthous ulcers are associated with which inflammatory bowel disease

A

Crohn disease

42
Q

Extra intestinal manifestations of. Crohns disease and ulcerative collitis include (as if increased risk of colon adenocarccinoma isn’t enough):

A

Migratory polyarthritis, sacroiliitis, ankylosing spondylitis, uveitis, cholangitis, amyloidosis

Erythema nodosum- crohns only

43
Q

This inflammatory bowel disease begins. In the rectum and advances retrograde to involve the entire colon

A

Ulcerative colitis

44
Q

this abnormality often occurs where vasculature penetrates inner circular layer of muscularis propria at taeniae coli when there is increased intralumenal pressure

A

sigmoid diverticulitis

45
Q

this rare autosomal dominant disorder involves hamartomatous (tumor like) polyps, mucocutaneous hperpigmentation, and often loss of function of the gene LKB/STK

A

peutz-jeghers syndrome

46
Q

most common tumor of the appendix

A

benign carcinoid

47
Q

in a damaged liver, stellate cells (which normally store ____) up regulate ___ genes to produce scar tissue

A

vitA, PDGFRbeta

48
Q

what stimulates a stellate cell to begin the process of scar formation

A

TNF, IL1 (chronic inflammation), kupffer cell cytokines, toxins

49
Q

histocompatibility complex associated with extra intestinal manifestation of IBD

A

HLA B 27

50
Q

dermatologic extraintestinal manifestation of crohns disease

A

erythema nodosum

51
Q

dermatologic extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative collitis

A

pyodermic gangrenosum

52
Q

Ground glass hepatocytes (swollen ER) indicates what

A

Hep B

53
Q

Lymphoid aggregates or fully formed lymphoid follicles within hepatocytes indicates what

A

Chronic Hep C

GI II (3 decks)

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