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(OMS2) NMSP Exam 2 > [PATH] Bone, Joints and Soft Tissue (Part 2 Joints and Soft Tissue)[Martin] > Flashcards

[PATH] Bone, Joints and Soft Tissue (Part 2 Joints and Soft Tissue)[Martin] Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common benign bone tumor?

A

Osteochondroma

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2
Q

Osteochondroma

Age common in?

Gender?

Genetic weirdness?

A

Age common in = Early adulthood

Gender = Men

Genetic weirdness = AD Multiple hereditary exostosis can progress to chondrosarcoma (very for benign to become metastatic)

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3
Q

What is the gene associated with Osteochondroma?

A

EXT1 or EXT2

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4
Q

Where do osteochondromas typically manifest?

A

Metaphysis near growth plate of tubular bone

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5
Q

Name something very unique about the morphology of osteochondromas

A

Medullary cavity is continuous

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6
Q

What is an enchondroma?

A

Within medullary cavity

Nodules of hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

What is the syndrome name for the following:

Multiple enchondromas =

Multiple enchondromas + angiomas =

A

Multiple enchondromas = Ollier syndrome

Multiple enchondromas + angiomas = Maffucci syndrome

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8
Q

What is the second most common malignant matrix producing tumor of bone?

A

Chondrosarcoma

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9
Q

Chondrosarcoma

Gender?

Age?

Location?

Mets?

A

Gender = Male

Age= 40s and older

Location= Axial skeleton (pelvis, shoulders, ribs)

Mets= lungs

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10
Q

Buzz word for chondrosarcoma on XRAY?

A

Flocculent densities

“tufts of wool”

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11
Q

Classic presentation of Osteoid osteoma?

A

Painful

Worse at night

Responds to aspirin and NSAIDS

<2cm

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12
Q

What is a radiographic clue that you have a osteoid osteoma?

A

Thick rind of reactive cortical bone

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13
Q

How do you treat osteoid osteoma?

A

Radiofrequency ablation

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14
Q

Osteoblastoma

Size?

Location?

Bony reaction?

Reponse to aspirin?

Treatment?

A

Size = >2cm

Location= Posterior spine

Bony reaction=NO bony reaction

Reponse to aspirin= NO response to aspirin

Treatment= Excised

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15
Q

What is the most comon primary malignant tumor of bone?

A

Osteosarcoma

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16
Q

Osteosarcoma

Age=

Gender=

Risk factors=

Buzzword=

A

Age= Teens

Gender= Males

Risk factors= Pagets, Prior radiation, Rb gene, Li-Fraumani syndrome

Buzzword= Codman triangle

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17
Q

Ewing Sarcoma

Race?

Type of tumor?

Gene?

X-ray?

A

Race = Whites

Type of tumor = Small blue round cell tumor

Gene = t(11;22) (q24;q12) EWS-FL11 fusion gene

X-ray = Onion skin

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18
Q

Histology association with ewing sarcoma?

A

Homer-wright rosettes

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19
Q

Fibrous dysplasia

Define:

A

Benign proliferation of fibrous tissue and bone that do not mature

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20
Q

Radiographic buzzword for fibrous dysplasia?

A

Ground glass appearance

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21
Q

What are the associated clinical manifestations seen with McCune-Albright disease?

A

Cafe-au lait

Prevocious puberty

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22
Q

What are the associated clinical manifestations with mazabraud syndrome?

A

Polyostotic ; multiple skeletal deformities in childhood

Soft tissue myxomas

23
Q

What are the histologic buzzwords associated with fibrous dysplasia?

A

Curvilinear trabeculae

Chinese characters

24
Q

Giant cell tumor of bone

Age?

Benign/malignant?

Location?

Makeup?

A

20-40

Benign

Epiphyses, knee

Multinucleated osteoclast-type giant cells

25
Q

What is the most common form of skeletal malignancy?

A

Metastatic tumors

26
Q

Where are the 4 most common locations metastatic tumors originate from(in adults)?

A

Prostate

Breast

Kidney

Lung

27
Q

Where do metastatic tumors typically originate from in children?

A

Neuroblastomas

Wilms

Osteosarcoma

Ewing

Rhabdomyosarcoma

28
Q

What is the one blastic bone forming cancer?

A

Prostatic adenocarcinoma

29
Q

JOINTS

A
30
Q

Osteoarthritis

Location in women vs men:

Disease of?

Worse in morning or evening?

A

Women=Hands and knees, Men=Hips

CARTILAGE, ‘wear and tear’

EVENING stiffness, worse with use

31
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Gender?

DIsease?

Worse in morning or evening?

A

Women

Autoimmune

Morning stiffness

32
Q

What are tests that support the diagnosis of RA if elevated?

A

Rheumatoid factor (RF)

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR0

C-reactive protein (CRP)

33
Q

What are the typical signs of rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Boutonneire

Swan neck

Ulnar deviation of fingers

Radial deviation of the wrist

34
Q

What are the typical histological features of RA?

A

Pannus

Synovial hypertrophy

Lymphoid aggregates

35
Q

Describe the differences b/w osteo and RA

A
36
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with?

A

HLA-B27

37
Q

What is the triad associated with reactive arthritis?

A

Arthritis

Urethritis/cervicitis

Conjunctivitis

38
Q
A

Psoriatic arthritis

39
Q

What is the associated radiographic finding with psoriatic arthritis?

A

Pencil-in-cup

40
Q

Suppurative arthritis

Name the most likely organism

<2yo

Adults

A

<2yo = H.Influenza

Adults = Staph aureus, Gonococcus

41
Q

Describe the disease process of gout

A

Transient attacks of acute arthritis initiated by crystallization of monosodium urate (MSU) within and around joints

42
Q

What would be the plasma levels in a gout attack?

A

Plasma levels >6.8 mg/dl

43
Q

What cytokine is associated with acute gouty arthritis?

A

IL-1

44
Q

Pseudo gout histology?

A

Crystals form chalky, white friable deposits

Oval blue-purple aggregates

45
Q

What is a ganglion cyst?

A

On the wrist, firm fluctuant pea-sized translucent nodule

46
Q

What is a lipoma?

A

Benign tumor of adipose tissue

*Most common soft tissue of adults

47
Q

What is the malignant tumor of fat?

A

Liposarcoma

48
Q

What is the most common histologic varient of liposarcomas?

A

Myxoid

49
Q

What is a rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Malignant skeletal muscle tumor

50
Q

What is the gross appearance of rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Grape like

“Cambium layer”

51
Q

What are the characteristics of leiomyoma?

A

Benign smooth muscle tumor

Most common neoplasm in women

52
Q

What are the characteristics of leiomyosarcomas?

A

Local extension, mets to lungs

53
Q

Synovial sarcoma

Age?

Positive for?

Mets?

Prognosis?

A

20s-40s

(+) for keratins, epithelial markers

Lung

Poor

(OMS2) NMSP Exam 2 (13 decks)

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