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(OMS2) NMSP Exam 2 > Muscle Relaxants (Kruse) > Flashcards

Muscle Relaxants (Kruse) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nondepolarizing, Isoquinoline derivative, neuromuscular blocking drugs? (5)

A

-curium: (except for one)

1) Atracurium
2) Cisatracurium
3) Doxacurium
4) Mivacurium
5) Tubocurarine

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2
Q

What are the nondepolarizing, steroid derivative, neuromuscular blocking drugs? (4)

A

-curonium:

1) Pancuronium
2) Pipercuronium
3) Rocuronium
4) Vecuronium

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3
Q

What are the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs?

A

Succinylcholine

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4
Q

What are the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors? (7)

A

1) Ambenonium
2) Donepezil
3) Echothiophate
4) Edrophonium
5) Galantamine
6) -Stigmine: Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Rivastigmine
7) Tacrine

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5
Q

What are the antimuscarinic compounds? (2)

A

1) Atropine

2) Glycopyrrolate

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6
Q

What are the cholinesterase reactivators?

A

Pralidoxime

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7
Q

What are the centrally acting spasmolytics (muscle relaxants)? (5)

A

1) Baclofen
2) Carisoprodol
3) Cyclobenzaprine
4) Diazepam
5) Tizanidine

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8
Q

What are the non-centrally acting spasmolytics? (2)

A

1) Dantrolene

2) Botulinum toxin

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9
Q

What are the immunologic drugs for MS? (5)

A

1) Glucocorticoids
2) Glatiramer acetate
3) Interferon beta 1a and 1b
4) Mitoxantrone

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10
Q

The following drugs make up what drug class?

1) Atracurium
2) Cisatracurium
3) Doxacurium
4) Mivacurium
5) Tubocurarine

A

Nondepolarizing, isoquinoline derivative, neuromuscular blocking drugs

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11
Q

The following drugs make up what drug class?

1) Pancuronium
2) Pipercuronium
3) Rocuronium
4) Vecuronium

A

Nondepolarizing, steroid derivative, neuromuscular blocking drugs

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12
Q

Succinylcholine makes up what drug class?

A

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs

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13
Q

The following drugs make up what drug class?

1) Ambenonium
2) Donepezil
3) Echothiophate
4) Edrophonium
5) Galantamine
6) -Stigmine: Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Rivastigmine
7) Tacrine

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

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14
Q

The following drugs make up what drug class?

1) Atropine
2) Glycopyrrolate

A

Antimuscarinic compounds

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15
Q

Pralidoxime makes up what drug class?

A

Cholinesterase reactivators

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16
Q

The following drugs make up what drug class?

1) Baclofen
2) Carisoprodol
3) Cyclobenzaprine
4) Diazepam
5) Tizanidine

A

Centrally acting spasmolytics (muscle relaxants)

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17
Q

The following drugs make up what drug class?

1) Dantrolene
2) Botulinum toxin

A

Non-centrally acting spasmolytics

18
Q

The following drugs make up what drug class?

1) Glucocorticoids
2) Glatiramer acetate
3) Interferon beta 1a and 1b
4) Mitoxantrone

A

Immunologic drugs for MS

19
Q

Neuromuscular blockers interfere with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate and lack?

A

CNS activity

20
Q

Neuromuscular blockers are used as adjuncts during?

A

Anesthesia

21
Q

What are the effects on consciousness or pain threshold with neuromuscular blockers?

A

No known effects

22
Q

Spasmolytic agents are often called?

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxants

23
Q

Spasmolytic agents are used to reduce spasticity in a variety of conditions by acting on?

A

CNS

24
Q

What is the nondepolarizing blockade mechanism of neuromuscular blocking drugs?

What is the prototype?

A

1) Prevents access of ACh to its receptor and blocks depolarization
2) d-tubocurarine

25
Q

What is the depolarizing blockade mechanism of neuromuscular blocking drugs?

What is the prototype?

A

1) Neuromuscular blockade due to excess of a depolarizing agonist
2) Succinylcholine

26
Q

Why are Vecuronium, Rocuronium, Cisatracurium, and Atracurium commonly used in a clinical setting?

A

Allows tight control over paralysis due to an intermediate duration of action

27
Q

What are some adverse effects of the neuromuscular blocking drugs?

A

1) Long acting
2) Hypotension and tachycardia with large doses
3) Histamine release

28
Q

What are used to reverse NMJ blockade?

What are often administered with cholinesterase inhibitors to minimize effects at mAChRs?

A

1) Cholinesterase inhibitors

2) Anticholinergic agents

29
Q

What is the duration of action for succinylcholine?

A

1) Ultra-short

2) Rapid hydrolysis and inactivation by butyrylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase

30
Q

What are the MOA for succinylcholine?

A

1) Phase 1 depolarizing block

2) Phase 2 desensitizing block

31
Q

In regards to the Phase 1 block of succinylcholine effects:

The effects are similar to ACh but?

The depolarized membranes remain depolarized and?

Flaccid paralysis results due to?

A

1) It produces a longer effect at the NMJ
2) Unresponsive to subsequent impulses
3) Lack of repolarization

32
Q

In regards to the Phase 2 block of succinylcholine effects:

Continued exposure to succinylcholine causes?

nAChR behaves as if in a?

What happens to the recetpor?

A

1) Initial end plate depolarization to decrease and the membrane becomes repolarized
2) Prolonged closed state
3) Desensitization

33
Q

Which phase in the depolarizing block of succinylcholine is antagonized by cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Phase 2

34
Q

What are the clinical uses of neuromuscular blocking drugs?

A

1) Surgical relaxation
2) Tracheal intubation
3) Control of ventilation
4) Treatment of convulsions

35
Q

The drugs of choice for rapid sequence intubation are those that act quickly such as?

A

Succinylcholine

36
Q

The drugs of choice used as adjuncts to general anesthesia for muscle relaxation are those that are of longer duration such as?

A

Pancuronium

37
Q

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors in this topic are used to?

A

Reverse pharmacologic paralysis

38
Q

The centrally acting spasmolytic agent Baclofen has what MOA?

What effect does this have?

A

1) GABA(B) agonist

2) Inhibition of excitatory neurotransmitter release

39
Q

The centrally acting spasmolytic agent Diazepam has what MOA?

What effect does this have?

A

1) Enhance GABA(A) receptor activity in the presence of GABA

2) CNS depression

40
Q

The centrally acting spasmolytic agent Tizanidine has what MOA?

What effect does this have?

A

1) alpha2 agonist

2) CNS depression

41
Q

The non-centrally acting spasmolytic agent Dantrolene has what MOA?

What effect does this have?

A

1) Inhibition of ryanodine receptors

2) Blocks the release of Ca2+

42
Q

The non-centrally acting spasmolytic agent Botulinum toxin has what MOA?

What effect does this have?

A

1) Cleaves the VAMP and blocks fusion to presynaptic membrane
2) Inhibits ACh release

(OMS2) NMSP Exam 2 (13 decks)

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