Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BME 301 > Patch Clamp and Sensory Transduction > Flashcards

Patch Clamp and Sensory Transduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is electrophysiology?

A

Branch of neuroscience that explores the electrical activity of living neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does a patch clamp work?

A

Use a pipette over a channel to get continuous environment, which is measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a gigaseal?

A

Large resistance (seal) between the pipette and the cell membrane (due to suction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the importance of the gigaseal?

A

No current through the seal; only current through the channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the five forces that form a gigaseal?

A

Membrane tension, cytoskeletal stresses, electroosmotic forces, viscosity, and adhesion energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does membrane tension contribute to a gigaseal?

A

Hydrostatic pressure of the liquid forces membrane to the sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does cytoskeletal stresses contribute to a gigaseal?

A

Cytoskeleton pushes against the pipette wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does an electroosmotic drag force contribute to a gigaseal?

A

Voltage dependent creep (movement of charged fluids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does viscosity contribute to a gigaseal?

A

Fluid resistance and stickiness of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does adhesion energy contribute to a gigaseal?

A

Interaction between membrane and glass pipette

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cell attached recording?

A

Pipette makes contact with cell membrane, but is not ruptured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can be measured with a cell attached recording?

A

Measure action potentials due to one channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How come the cell attached recording cannot record the whole cell?

A

No control of intracellular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is whole cell recording?

A

Pipette breaks cell membrane, has contact with intracellular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How come the whole cell recording can record the whole cell?

A

Has control of intracellular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is inside out recording?

A

Cytosolic surface of the membrane is exposed (pipette raptures membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What experiments can be done with inside out recording?

A

Modify intracellular environment, and record response outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is outside out recording?

A

Extracellular surface is exposed (pipette raptures membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What experiments can be done with outside out recording?

A

Modify extracellular environment, and record response inside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a voltage gated channel?

A

Opens in response to membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a ligand gated channel?

A

Opens in response to ligand binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a chemically gated channel?

A

Opens in response to intracellular signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a mechanically gated channel?

A

Opens in response to pressure changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the advantage of the patch clamp technique?

A

Look at only one channel (high resolution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Convert sensory stimuli into electrical voltages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a graded potential?

A

Change in membrane potential, but does not reach threshold (does not start an action potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the first step of sensory transduction?

A

Reception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What happens in reception (sensory transduction)?

A

Sensory receptor cells are stimulated

29
Q

What is the second step of sensory transduction?

A

Transduction

30
Q

What happens in transduction (sensory transduction)?

A

Transforming chemical stimuli into neural impulses

31
Q

What processes happen in transduction (sensory transduction)?

A

Coding and transmission

32
Q

What happens in coding (sensory transduction)?

A

Correspondence between parameters of the stimulus and the parameters of the firing

33
Q

What happens in transmission (sensory transduction)?

A

Deliver neural information to the brain to be processed

34
Q

What are some examples of coding in sensory transduction?

A

Frequency encoding and amplitude encoding

35
Q

What is the third step of sensory transduction?

A

Processing by the brain (and action)

36
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

Receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli

37
Q

What are photoreceptors?

A

Receptors that respond to light

38
Q

What are chemically-sensitive receptors?

A

Receptors that respond to chemicals

39
Q

What are thermoreceptors?

A

Receptors that respond to temperature

40
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

Receptors that respond to pain

41
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A protein structure that receives and transduces signals

42
Q

What is a channel?

A

A protein structure that allows ions or other molecules to flow through it

43
Q

What is the purpose of the small bones in the ear?

A

Amplify the sound signal

44
Q

What ions are prevalent in hair cell liquid?

A

Potassium and calcium

45
Q

How do the channels open on hair cells?

A

Channels are connected together, and displacement opens the channels

46
Q

What happens when a hair cell is depolarized?

A

Glutamate is released, which sends a signal to the brain

47
Q

How come we can not hear super high frequencies?

A

Hair cells cannot move fast enough to encode the frequency (not enough time to depolarize)

48
Q

How do cochlear implants work?

A

Use a microphone to record sound, which can be converted to an electrical signal to stimulate the hair cells

49
Q

What mechanoreceptors are found in the skin?

A

Merkel receptors, Meissner corpuscle, Pacinian corpuscle, and Ruffini cylinder

50
Q

What are slow adapting cells?

A

Fire for a long time

51
Q

What are rapid adapting cells?

A

Adapt quickly

52
Q

What is a receptor field?

A

The area that a receptor can perceive information

53
Q

What is the relationship between receptor field and resolution?

A

An increased receptor field leads to a decrease in resolution

54
Q

Which receptors have a larger receptive field?

A

Deep receptors

55
Q

Which receptors have a smaller receptive field?

A

Surface receptors

56
Q

What is the purpose of the fluid in Pacinian corpuscles?

A

Adaptation and high pass filtering

57
Q

How can specific channels be studied (based on chemicals)?

A

Use specific channel blockers

58
Q

How can adaptation be used in experimental design?

A

Remove effects from other receptors

59
Q

What does two-point discrimination reveal?

A

How closely innervated an area is with receptors

60
Q

Where is sensory information processed in the brain?

A

Somatosensory cortex

61
Q

What is the homunculus?

A

Body map of the brain (processing space in sensory cortex)

62
Q

What areas are the most represented in the homunculus?

A

Hands and lips

63
Q

If an area of the body is sensitive to sensory information, what impact would that have in the sensory cortex?

A

Large area devoted for processing

64
Q

What is phantom limb syndrome?

A

Sensory input in a lost limb

65
Q

What is the cause of phantom limb syndrome?

A

Reorganization of sensory cortex and homunculus

66
Q

How does sensory information travel to the brain?

A

Through dorsal root ganglia

67
Q

What do the two pathways of transmission in sensory transduction relay?

A

Location/touch, and temperature/pain

68
Q

Why do braile people sometimes experience confusion about which finger is touched?

A

Reorganization of sensory cortex; an area of the brain was stimulated when it shouldn’t have

69
Q

What is TRPV1 (pain receptor) activated by?

A

Capsaicin (chili peppers) and temperature

BME 301 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions