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science > PAT 5-space > Flashcards

PAT 5-space Flashcards

1
Q

In terms of light, how do stars differ from planets and moons?

A

stars produce own light
planets/moons reflect it from stars

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2
Q

What are constellations? Do they include planets?

A

patterns of stars-no

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3
Q

Differentiate between altitude and azimuth and identify the instrument used to
measure each

A

altitude)height of object above horizon. measure w astrolabe

azimuth- -direction of an object along horizon. measure w compass

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4
Q

Differentiate between the geocentric and the heliocentric models of our
universe. Regardless of which model, what celestial body still orbits the earth?

A

geo- earth center (circular orbit)
helio- sun center (elliptical orbit)
moon orbits earth

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5
Q

How does the current heliocentric model differ from the heliocentric model
proposed by Copernicus?

A

before- thought planets travelled in circular motion

now-we know they travel in ellipses (oval

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6
Q

Differentiate between equinoxes, solstices and eclipses.

A

equinoxes- time when day and night length is equal bc sun crosses celestial equator

solstice- when sun reaches highest or lowest point in sky at noon(longest/shortest days of year)

eclipse-when one celestial body moves into the shadow of another

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7
Q

Differentiate between reflecting and refracting light telescopes. For each type,
provide one advantage of each and an example.

A

reflecting-uses mirrors to gather light. advantage-less expensive to produce(hubble)
refracting-uses lenses to do so. advantage-low maintenance(great paris)

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8
Q

What instrument do we use to study spectroscopy? Identify and explain in detail
two pieces of information we can infer from the spectral analysis of a star

A

spectroscope

chemical composition-find out what elements are in a star by looking at the lines in its spectrum

temp-shape/width of lines tell us the temp

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9
Q

What is the advantage of having a telescope such as the Hubble telescope in
orbit above the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

get clearer images

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10
Q

What is triangulation and how would you manipulate the baseline in order to
make your triangulation more accurate? How would we do this on Earth?

A

triangulation-method to measure distance to stars

increase the distance of baseline bc longer baseline-accurate measurements

earth-place survey markers farther apart

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11
Q

What is meant by the parallax technique?

A

measure how far stars are by seeing how they move against the background of farther stars

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12
Q

Compare and contrast an astronomical unit with a light year.

A

AU- distance from earth to sun
light year-distance light travels in a year

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13
Q

If it takes light 8.3 minutes to travel from the sun to the Earth, how long would it
take for light to travel to Jupiter, which is 5 AUs from the sun?

A

5x8.3=41.5 mins

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14
Q

What do radio telescopes detect and what advantage do they have over light
telescopes?

A

detect waves from space

can see though any weather or time of day+dust

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15
Q

What is interferometry and what advantage does it provide us?

A

multiple telescopes working together to combine images into one

helps us get clearer/detailed images of space

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16
Q

Differentiate between a rocket and its payload. What is the advantage of a
multistage rocket over a single-stage rocket?

A

rocket- vehicle that launches into space
payload-what is carries

multistage-drops sections once fuel is used to decrease weight, single stage are heavier bc they don’t drop stuff

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17
Q

Differentiate between
chemical fuels and solar sails. Which type of rocket was used by the now retired
Space Shuttle?

A

chemical fuels-burn fuel for launch

solar sails-uses sunlight to make spaceship go for long, slow trips

space shuttle- chem fuel

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18
Q

Differentiate between geosynchronous and low-earth orbit satellites and provide
examples of each?

A

geo-way farther away (36,000km) (tv stations)

low- way closer (200-800km) (telephone satellites)

19
Q

If you needed a satellite to see more of the Earth’s surface, how would you
manipulate its orbit?

A

place satellite in higher orbit bc then it can observe more surface area

20
Q

What is remote sensing and provide examples of its application.

A

collecting info abt an object/area from a distance using satellites/aircraft

ex: environmental or agriculture

21
Q

What does GPS stand for and what is it used for?

A

global positioning system

used to determine location and time info

22
Q

What is space junk? How is it created? Why is it an issue? Explain why even a
tiny, little screw is an issue?

A

space junk- debris from things launched into space like decommissioned aircraft, leftover stage rocket pieces, collision debris

issue- collide w astronauts and ships, even small things are bad bc space has high velocity

23
Q

What are galaxies and what holds them together? What is the name of the
galaxy we are located in?

A

massive space systems made of stars, gas, and dust held tg by dark matter and gravity

ours- milky way

24
Q

Arrange the following terms: solar system, galaxy, moon, Earth, sun and Jupiter
in order of mass (g to l)

A

gal
sun
jup
earth
moon

25
Q

Arrange the following terms: solar system, galaxy, moon, Earth, sun and Jupiter
in order of size (g to l)

A

gal
sun
jup
earth
moon

26
Q

Arrange the following terms: solar system, galaxy, moon, Earth, sun and Jupiter
in order of diameter (g to l)

A

gal
sun
jup
earth
moon

27
Q

What is a nebula? Differentiate between a supernova and a black hole.

A

neb-cloud of dust and gas

super-powerful star explosion

black-region where gravity is so strong nothing can escape it

28
Q

Identify and differentiate between the inner and the outer planets based on their
composition, number of natural satellites and size?

A

inner:
comp-rock/metal
#- few
size-small

outer:
comp-hydrogen/helium
#-lots
size-large

29
Q

Describe the relationships between the radius of a planet’s revolution (orbit) and
its surface temperature (any exceptions?), the radius of a planet’s revolution
(orbit) and its length of year, and the period of a planet’s rotation and the length
of its day. Draw a graph for each of these relationships.

A

the radius affects temp through the planets ability to retain internal heat

the orbit determines legth of a planets year

the rotation period directly determines its length of day

30
Q

What are asteroids and where in our system is there a major asteroid belt?

A

asteroid- small rocky things that orbit sun

asteroid belt- between mars and jup

31
Q

Differentiate between meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites?

A

meteoroids-small rockys
meteors- shooting stars
meteorites-fragment of metreroid that reach the ground

32
Q

What are space probes used for?

A

explore celestial objects

33
Q

What was unique about the Space Shuttle program? What was Canada’s
contribution to the Shuttle?

A

unique- able to reuse spacecraft/launch stuff

canada-made the canadarm(space robotics)

34
Q

What is microgravity and what effect does it have on an astronaut’s body
(muscle mass, bone density etc.)?

A

micrograv-objects appear ot be weightless

impacts-muscle weak, bone density loss,

35
Q

What is the International Space Station? How do the astronauts on the I.S.S.
take care of their water, oxygen and food needs?

A

large aircraft that orbits earth

water-recycle from condensation

air-generated by splitting water molecules

food-sent there

36
Q

When on a space walk, astronauts wear a space suit. How does the suit protect
them from ultraviolet radiation, drastic temperature changes, a lack of
atmosphere, and prevent them from floating away?

A

special materials
layers of isolation
preventing leaks with strong stuff

37
Q

Differentiate between manipulated, responding, and controlled variables.

A

manip-you change it on purpose
respon-what changes bc of manipulated
contr-stays the same

38
Q

The future of space exploration is a concern for many nations based upon
political, ethical and environmental issues. Differentiate between these issues?

A

po-national competetion

ethical-moral responsibilites

envornment-managing debris

39
Q

rank planets in order from sun

A

merc, ven, earth, mars, jup,sat, ura,nep

40
Q

what spectrum is the mostly dark one with a few colorful lines

A

emission

40
Q

what kind of spectrum is the really blendy colorful one

A

continuous

41
Q

what spectrum is the really colorful one with a few dark lines

A

absorption

42
Q

what are the jovian planets

A

jup sat ur nep (gas giants)

43
Q

terrestrial planets

A

merc ven earth mars (rocky planets)

science (2 decks)

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