PAT 5-space

Question 1

In terms of light, how do stars differ from planets and moons?

Answer 1

stars produce own light
planets/moons reflect it from stars

Question 2

What are constellations? Do they include planets?

Answer 2

patterns of stars-no

Question 3

Differentiate between altitude and azimuth and identify the instrument used to
measure each

Answer 3

altitude)height of object above horizon. measure w astrolabe

azimuth- -direction of an object along horizon. measure w compass

Question 4

Differentiate between the geocentric and the heliocentric models of our
universe. Regardless of which model, what celestial body still orbits the earth?

Answer 4

geo- earth center (circular orbit)
helio- sun center (elliptical orbit)
moon orbits earth

Question 5

How does the current heliocentric model differ from the heliocentric model
proposed by Copernicus?

Answer 5

before- thought planets travelled in circular motion

now-we know they travel in ellipses (oval

Question 6

Differentiate between equinoxes, solstices and eclipses.

Answer 6

equinoxes- time when day and night length is equal bc sun crosses celestial equator

solstice- when sun reaches highest or lowest point in sky at noon(longest/shortest days of year)

eclipse-when one celestial body moves into the shadow of another

Question 7

Differentiate between reflecting and refracting light telescopes. For each type,
provide one advantage of each and an example.

Answer 7

reflecting-uses mirrors to gather light. advantage-less expensive to produce(hubble)
refracting-uses lenses to do so. advantage-low maintenance(great paris)

Question 8

What instrument do we use to study spectroscopy? Identify and explain in detail
two pieces of information we can infer from the spectral analysis of a star

Answer 8

spectroscope

chemical composition-find out what elements are in a star by looking at the lines in its spectrum

temp-shape/width of lines tell us the temp

Question 9

What is the advantage of having a telescope such as the Hubble telescope in
orbit above the Earth’s atmosphere?

Answer 9

get clearer images

Question 10

What is triangulation and how would you manipulate the baseline in order to
make your triangulation more accurate? How would we do this on Earth?

Answer 10

triangulation-method to measure distance to stars

increase the distance of baseline bc longer baseline-accurate measurements

earth-place survey markers farther apart

Question 11

What is meant by the parallax technique?

Answer 11

measure how far stars are by seeing how they move against the background of farther stars

Question 12

Compare and contrast an astronomical unit with a light year.

Answer 12

AU- distance from earth to sun
light year-distance light travels in a year

Question 13

If it takes light 8.3 minutes to travel from the sun to the Earth, how long would it
take for light to travel to Jupiter, which is 5 AUs from the sun?

Answer 13

5x8.3=41.5 mins

Question 14

What do radio telescopes detect and what advantage do they have over light
telescopes?

Answer 14

detect waves from space

can see though any weather or time of day+dust

Question 15

What is interferometry and what advantage does it provide us?

Answer 15

multiple telescopes working together to combine images into one

helps us get clearer/detailed images of space

Question 16

Differentiate between a rocket and its payload. What is the advantage of a
multistage rocket over a single-stage rocket?

Answer 16

rocket- vehicle that launches into space
payload-what is carries

multistage-drops sections once fuel is used to decrease weight, single stage are heavier bc they don’t drop stuff

Question 17

Differentiate between
chemical fuels and solar sails. Which type of rocket was used by the now retired
Space Shuttle?

Answer 17

chemical fuels-burn fuel for launch

solar sails-uses sunlight to make spaceship go for long, slow trips

space shuttle- chem fuel

Question 18

Differentiate between geosynchronous and low-earth orbit satellites and provide
examples of each?

Answer 18

geo-way farther away (36,000km) (tv stations)

low- way closer (200-800km) (telephone satellites)

Question 19

If you needed a satellite to see more of the Earth’s surface, how would you
manipulate its orbit?

Answer 19

place satellite in higher orbit bc then it can observe more surface area

Question 20

What is remote sensing and provide examples of its application.

Answer 20

collecting info abt an object/area from a distance using satellites/aircraft

ex: environmental or agriculture

Question 21

What does GPS stand for and what is it used for?

Answer 21

global positioning system

used to determine location and time info

Question 22

What is space junk? How is it created? Why is it an issue? Explain why even a
tiny, little screw is an issue?

Answer 22

space junk- debris from things launched into space like decommissioned aircraft, leftover stage rocket pieces, collision debris

issue- collide w astronauts and ships, even small things are bad bc space has high velocity

Question 23

What are galaxies and what holds them together? What is the name of the
galaxy we are located in?

Answer 23

massive space systems made of stars, gas, and dust held tg by dark matter and gravity

ours- milky way

Question 24

Arrange the following terms: solar system, galaxy, moon, Earth, sun and Jupiter
in order of mass (g to l)

Answer 24

gal
sun
jup
earth
moon

Question 25

Arrange the following terms: solar system, galaxy, moon, Earth, sun and Jupiter in order of size (g to l)

Answer 25

gal sun jup earth moon

Question 26

Arrange the following terms: solar system, galaxy, moon, Earth, sun and Jupiter in order of diameter (g to l)

Answer 26

gal sun jup earth moon

Question 27

What is a nebula? Differentiate between a supernova and a black hole.

Answer 27

neb-cloud of dust and gas super-powerful star explosion black-region where gravity is so strong nothing can escape it

Question 28

Identify and differentiate between the inner and the outer planets based on their composition, number of natural satellites and size?

Answer 28

inner: comp-rock/metal #- few size-small outer: comp-hydrogen/helium #-lots size-large

Question 29

Describe the relationships between the radius of a planet’s revolution (orbit) and its surface temperature (any exceptions?), the radius of a planet’s revolution (orbit) and its length of year, and the period of a planet’s rotation and the length of its day. Draw a graph for each of these relationships.

Answer 29

the radius affects temp through the planets ability to retain internal heat the orbit determines legth of a planets year the rotation period directly determines its length of day

Question 30

What are asteroids and where in our system is there a major asteroid belt?

Answer 30

asteroid- small rocky things that orbit sun asteroid belt- between mars and jup

Question 31

Differentiate between meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites?

Answer 31

meteoroids-small rockys meteors- shooting stars meteorites-fragment of metreroid that reach the ground

Question 32

What are space probes used for?

Answer 32

explore celestial objects

Question 33

What was unique about the Space Shuttle program? What was Canada’s contribution to the Shuttle?

Answer 33

unique- able to reuse spacecraft/launch stuff canada-made the canadarm(space robotics)

Question 34

What is microgravity and what effect does it have on an astronaut’s body (muscle mass, bone density etc.)?

Answer 34

micrograv-objects appear ot be weightless impacts-muscle weak, bone density loss,

Question 35

What is the International Space Station? How do the astronauts on the I.S.S. take care of their water, oxygen and food needs?

Answer 35

large aircraft that orbits earth water-recycle from condensation air-generated by splitting water molecules food-sent there

Question 36

When on a space walk, astronauts wear a space suit. How does the suit protect them from ultraviolet radiation, drastic temperature changes, a lack of atmosphere, and prevent them from floating away?

Answer 36

special materials layers of isolation preventing leaks with strong stuff

Question 37

Differentiate between manipulated, responding, and controlled variables.

Answer 37

manip-you change it on purpose respon-what changes bc of manipulated contr-stays the same

Question 38

The future of space exploration is a concern for many nations based upon political, ethical and environmental issues. Differentiate between these issues?

Answer 38

po-national competetion ethical-moral responsibilites envornment-managing debris

Question 39

rank planets in order from sun

Answer 39

merc, ven, earth, mars, jup,sat, ura,nep

Question 40

what spectrum is the mostly dark one with a few colorful lines

Answer 40

emission

Question 40

what kind of spectrum is the really blendy colorful one

Answer 40

continuous

Question 41

what spectrum is the really colorful one with a few dark lines

Answer 41

absorption

Question 42

what are the jovian planets

Answer 42

jup sat ur nep (gas giants)

Question 43

terrestrial planets

Answer 43

merc ven earth mars (rocky planets)