PAT 1-biodiversity

Question 1

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 1

community of living organisms

Question 2

what is a species?

Answer 2

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another

Question 3

Differentiate between intra- and interspecific biodiversity and provide two
examples of each.

Answer 3

intra-variety of genes within a species (dog breeds, rice kinds)
inter-varity within an ecosystem(Forest ,ocean)

Question 4

How does biodiversity within a species affect its chances of survival?

Answer 4

allows it to adapt to future changes and avoid inbreeding by having a vary of traits

Question 5

What is latitude? What is the relationship between latitude and the amount of
biodiversity? What is the relationship between latitude and the abundance of
species? Provide examples.

Answer 5

lattitude-how close a place is to N/S
closer to equator-more biodi and more species

Question 6

How does the amount of biodiversity in insects compare to mammals?

Answer 6

insects-way more bidi than mammals bc way more types and high pop

Question 7

What is taxonomy? Which name is more specific: genus or species?

Answer 7

taxonomy- science of categorizing/naming organisms based on their traits
species is more specific

Question 8

What are adaptations? Differentiate between structure (physical) and behavioral
adaptations. Provide examples of each.

Answer 8

adaptations- special traits an animal has to help them survive
structure-physical traits (giraffe neck to eat)
behavior- actions (bird migration)

Question 9

What is an ecological niche? Provide examples of the niche occupied by a
Grizzly bear.

Answer 9

a species role in enviornment
griz- stay at top of food chain and regulate prey pop

Question 10

Differentiate between specialists and generalists. Identify and explain which
classification is best suited to a changing environment.

Answer 10

special- specific needs can only survive in some conditions
general- can adapt to various conditions

Question 11

What type of niche do specialists occupy? Generalists? What is the trap of
specialization?

Answer 11

special- narrow niche
general-broad niche
trap- special mahy not survive if their environment changes

Question 12

Provide an example of a predator-prey relationship. How does the number of
predators affect the number of prey, etc?

Answer 12

wolf and deer. deer pop decreases bc wolf eat them but bc they run out of food wolf might die too

Question 13

Differentiate between the three types of symbiotic relationships that we studied
in class and provide two examples of each.

Answer 13

mutalism-both benefit (bees and flowers)
commensalism- one benefits one stays normal (barnacles and whales)
parasitism- one benefits one harmed (tapeworms and humans)

Question 14

Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction. List the advantages and
disadvantages of each.

Answer 14

sexual-making offspring by joining cells
advantage-genetic diversity,adapatbility
dis-geneyyic disease risk, energy

asexual-one parent making a copy of itself
advant-rapid reprocution, energy efficenct
dis- lack of genetic diverity

Question 15

Identify four forms of asexual reproduction and one example of an organism
that performs each.

Answer 15

binary fission-parent splits into 2 daughter cells (ecoli)

budding-a little thing grows off the parent then pops off (yeast)

fragmentation-parent breaks into fragments (star fish)

vegetative propagtion- new things develop from plants (strawberry)

Question 16

Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

Answer 16

self-pollen from a flower fertilizes the ovule of itself

cross-pollen from a flower fertilizes the ovule of another one

Question 17

Differentiate between heritable and non-heritable traits. Provide 3 examples of
each.

Answer 17

heritable- traits passed from parent (eye color, height, hair texture)

non- traits gained though enviornment conditions (sunburn, scare, style)

Question 18

Differentiate between continuous and discrete (non-continuous) traits. Provide 3
examples of each.

Answer 18

continous- many dif options (weight, height , temp)

discrete- just a few distinct options (eye color, blood type, shoe size)

Question 19

What is meant by nature vs. nurture? Provide examples of traits that can be
affected by the environment and examples that cannot be affected by the
environment.

Answer 19

nature- what we inherit(looks)
nurture-enviornemnt we are raised in(personality)

Question 20

Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits, pure-breed vs. hybrid
individuals, and draw Punnett Squares to demonstrate your understanding.

Answer 20

dominant- A trait that appears when an individual has at least one dominant allele. It masks recessive allele

Recessive Trait- A trait that only appears when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele

purebred- 2 identical alleles AA or aa
hybrid- 2 dif Aa

Question 21

Explain how two unaffected parents can produce an affected child

Answer 21

if 2 parents have no disorder but carry a reciesive gene for that disorder, the kid can get if if they revieve 1 from each parent

Question 22

Using pesticide-resistance as an example, explain how mutations can be
positive.

Answer 22

a mutation a a pests DNA might be resistant to pesticide

Question 23

Differentiate between chromosomes and genes.

Answer 23

chrome- dna storage
gene-peice of dna the instructs our body how to work proporly

Question 24

Compare the chromosome number in somatic cells, gametes, and zygotes.

Answer 24

somatic/zygot46
gamete-23

Question 25

Explain the function and structure of DNA.

Answer 25

structure- twistled ladder made of nucleotids

functions-holds genetic info that tells us how to make protins and stuff

Question 26

Differentiate between meiosis and mitosis. Explain how the amount of DNA
found in the products of meiosis and mitosis can differ.

Answer 26

meiosis-produces 4 dif daughter cells for sexual reproduction(each has falf the amount od dna as parent)

mitosis- produces 2 same daughter cells for growth repair, aesexual (same amount of dna as parent

Question 27

Identify which type of cell division is altered when a child is born with 45 of 47
chromosomes.

Answer 27

meiosis is altered

Question 28

What is genetic engineering? Provide several examples of this form of
biotechnology.

Answer 28

manipulation of an organisms dna
ex; GMO,gene therepy

Question 29

Differentiate artificial and natural selection. Provide examples of each.

Answer 29

art-The intentional breeding of organisms by humans to produce specific traits (dogs)

nat-animals adapting to their enviornemnt (camo)

Question 30

What is another name of artificial selection?

Answer 30

selective breeding

Question 31

Both pesticide and antibiotic resistance are examples of natural selection.
Explain how this resistance developed and how the amount of resistance is
affected by time.

Answer 31

variation and reproduction cause itt

time affect-starts of low ressistance but increases

Question 32

Differentiate between extinction and extirpation. Provide examples of each.

Answer 32

extincton- animal doesn’t exist any where (dino)

extirpation- only gone in one area (wolf in uk)

Question 33

Provide three natural and three man made causes of extinction or extirpation.

Answer 33

natural-climate change,diasters, disease

man made-pollution, habitat destruction, hunting/fishing

Question 34

Differentiate between and provide examples of the following conservation
strategies: seed banks, captive breeding programs, protected areas, and
international treaties.

Answer 34

seed banks- preserve seeds

captive breeding-breeding in controlled environment

protected areas-zoos and parks

treaties-gareements between countries to cooperate on conservation efforts.