PAT 1-biodiversity Flashcards
What is an ecosystem?
community of living organisms
what is a species?
a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another
Differentiate between intra- and interspecific biodiversity and provide two
examples of each.
intra-variety of genes within a species (dog breeds, rice kinds)
inter-varity within an ecosystem(Forest ,ocean)
How does biodiversity within a species affect its chances of survival?
allows it to adapt to future changes and avoid inbreeding by having a vary of traits
What is latitude? What is the relationship between latitude and the amount of
biodiversity? What is the relationship between latitude and the abundance of
species? Provide examples.
lattitude-how close a place is to N/S
closer to equator-more biodi and more species
How does the amount of biodiversity in insects compare to mammals?
insects-way more bidi than mammals bc way more types and high pop
What is taxonomy? Which name is more specific: genus or species?
taxonomy- science of categorizing/naming organisms based on their traits
species is more specific
What are adaptations? Differentiate between structure (physical) and behavioral
adaptations. Provide examples of each.
adaptations- special traits an animal has to help them survive
structure-physical traits (giraffe neck to eat)
behavior- actions (bird migration)
What is an ecological niche? Provide examples of the niche occupied by a
Grizzly bear.
a species role in enviornment
griz- stay at top of food chain and regulate prey pop
Differentiate between specialists and generalists. Identify and explain which
classification is best suited to a changing environment.
special- specific needs can only survive in some conditions
general- can adapt to various conditions
What type of niche do specialists occupy? Generalists? What is the trap of
specialization?
special- narrow niche
general-broad niche
trap- special mahy not survive if their environment changes
Provide an example of a predator-prey relationship. How does the number of
predators affect the number of prey, etc?
wolf and deer. deer pop decreases bc wolf eat them but bc they run out of food wolf might die too
Differentiate between the three types of symbiotic relationships that we studied
in class and provide two examples of each.
mutalism-both benefit (bees and flowers)
commensalism- one benefits one stays normal (barnacles and whales)
parasitism- one benefits one harmed (tapeworms and humans)
Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction. List the advantages and
disadvantages of each.
sexual-making offspring by joining cells
advantage-genetic diversity,adapatbility
dis-geneyyic disease risk, energy
asexual-one parent making a copy of itself
advant-rapid reprocution, energy efficenct
dis- lack of genetic diverity
Identify four forms of asexual reproduction and one example of an organism
that performs each.
binary fission-parent splits into 2 daughter cells (ecoli)
budding-a little thing grows off the parent then pops off (yeast)
fragmentation-parent breaks into fragments (star fish)
vegetative propagtion- new things develop from plants (strawberry)
Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
self-pollen from a flower fertilizes the ovule of itself
cross-pollen from a flower fertilizes the ovule of another one
Differentiate between heritable and non-heritable traits. Provide 3 examples of
each.
heritable- traits passed from parent (eye color, height, hair texture)
non- traits gained though enviornment conditions (sunburn, scare, style)
Differentiate between continuous and discrete (non-continuous) traits. Provide 3
examples of each.
continous- many dif options (weight, height , temp)
discrete- just a few distinct options (eye color, blood type, shoe size)
What is meant by nature vs. nurture? Provide examples of traits that can be
affected by the environment and examples that cannot be affected by the
environment.
nature- what we inherit(looks)
nurture-enviornemnt we are raised in(personality)
Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits, pure-breed vs. hybrid
individuals, and draw Punnett Squares to demonstrate your understanding.
dominant- A trait that appears when an individual has at least one dominant allele. It masks recessive allele
Recessive Trait- A trait that only appears when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele
purebred- 2 identical alleles AA or aa
hybrid- 2 dif Aa
Explain how two unaffected parents can produce an affected child
if 2 parents have no disorder but carry a reciesive gene for that disorder, the kid can get if if they revieve 1 from each parent
Using pesticide-resistance as an example, explain how mutations can be
positive.
a mutation a a pests DNA might be resistant to pesticide
Differentiate between chromosomes and genes.
chrome- dna storage
gene-peice of dna the instructs our body how to work proporly
Compare the chromosome number in somatic cells, gametes, and zygotes.
somatic/zygot46
gamete-23
Explain the function and structure of DNA.
structure- twistled ladder made of nucleotids
functions-holds genetic info that tells us how to make protins and stuff
Differentiate between meiosis and mitosis. Explain how the amount of DNA
found in the products of meiosis and mitosis can differ.
meiosis-produces 4 dif daughter cells for sexual reproduction(each has falf the amount od dna as parent)
mitosis- produces 2 same daughter cells for growth repair, aesexual (same amount of dna as parent
Identify which type of cell division is altered when a child is born with 45 of 47
chromosomes.
meiosis is altered
What is genetic engineering? Provide several examples of this form of
biotechnology.
manipulation of an organisms dna
ex; GMO,gene therepy
Differentiate artificial and natural selection. Provide examples of each.
art-The intentional breeding of organisms by humans to produce specific traits (dogs)
nat-animals adapting to their enviornemnt (camo)
What is another name of artificial selection?
selective breeding
Both pesticide and antibiotic resistance are examples of natural selection.
Explain how this resistance developed and how the amount of resistance is
affected by time.
variation and reproduction cause itt
time affect-starts of low ressistance but increases
Differentiate between extinction and extirpation. Provide examples of each.
extincton- animal doesn’t exist any where (dino)
extirpation- only gone in one area (wolf in uk)
Provide three natural and three man made causes of extinction or extirpation.
natural-climate change,diasters, disease
man made-pollution, habitat destruction, hunting/fishing
Differentiate between and provide examples of the following conservation
strategies: seed banks, captive breeding programs, protected areas, and
international treaties.
seed banks- preserve seeds
captive breeding-breeding in controlled environment
protected areas-zoos and parks
treaties-gareements between countries to cooperate on conservation efforts.
