PASTEST QS Flashcards
What is the earliest symptom of metastatic spinal cord compression?
Back pain usually presents first. It is usually worse on lying flat and when coughing
What tumour markers are used to detect recurrence of testicular teratoma?
Alpha-fetoprotein + beta-HCG
How to convert from oral morphine to subcutaneous morphine
Divide by 2
Conversion from oral oxycodone to subcutaneous diamorphine
Divide by 1.5
How to convert from oral morphine to subcutaneous diamorphine
Divide by 3
What is Gardner’s syndrome?
A variant of familial adenomatous polyposis coli that causes development of adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum.
If left untreated, 100% risk of becoming malignant and leading to colorectal cancer
What is Lynch syndrome?
Autosomal dominant condition that leads to colon or endometrial cancer at a young age. Strong family hx of family members dying of colorectal cancer at age 25-30.
Which chemotherapy agent is most likely to cause haemorrhagic cystitis?
Cyclophosphamide
Which chemotherapeutic agent causes periperal neuropathy
Vincristine
Which anti-emetic is most suitable for bowel obstruction in end of life care?
Hyoscine butylbromide maximum of 200mg/24hours
What are the symptoms of Lambert-Eaton Syndrome?
Proximal muscle weakness e.g. difficulty getting up and out of chair
Peripheral neuropathy
Impotence
What type of cancer is Lambert Eaton syndrome most associated with?
Bronchial carcinoma
What treatment is given for mild to moderate oral candida secondary to immunosuppression from chemotherapy?
Oral fluconazole for 7-14 days
What is given to treat Candida infection?
Nyastatin mouth wash
What is the medication/management for pulmonary metastases?
Systemic opioids (oral/subcutaneous/intravenous)
This has shown evidence of alleviating dyspnoea in terminally ill patients
How do you convert from codeine to morphine?
Divide by 10
For end of life respiratory secretions, what dose of Hyoscine Bromide is used?
BNF recommends 400 micrograms every 4 hours of hyoscine hydrobromide by subcutaneous injection or may be more if required for respiratory secretions in palliative care.
What cancers can HPV 16 and 18 cause?
Tongue and cervical
What drug is specifically used for metastatic bone pain?
Intravenous ibandronate
(A bisphosphonate)
Which chemotherapy agents are used for treatment small cell carcinoma of the lungs?
Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and Vincristine
Which drugs are used to manage remission induction of Acute Lymphoid Leukaemia?
Daunorubicin plus cytarabine
Which anti emetic is first line for gastric stasis causative nausea?
Metoclopramide
Which anti-emetic is used in patients with Parkinson’s disease?
Domperidone as it doesn’t cross the blood-brain barrier so it is less likely to increase EPSEs
Which anti emetic is used for raised Intracranial pressure?
Cyclizine (+ Dexamethasone)
Which anti emetic is given for anxiety related N+V?
Lorazepam
Treatment for drug induced and metabolic induced N+V
Haloperidol
What other condition is small cell lung carcinoma associated with i.e. what does it secrete?
ACTH - SIADH associated
Squamous cell lung cancer is most associated with secretion of what hormone?
squamous cell carcinoma is known to produce parathyroid hormone-related protein,
This causes hypercalcaemia.
How can Hodgkin’s lymphoma positive cells be referred to?
Pleomorphic giant cells which have binuclear cells.
Reed-Sternberg cells
Which type of cancer is myasthenia gravis most associated with?
Thyoma
Presentation of myasthenia gravis
Diplopia
Ptosis
Proximal muscle weakness
Antibodies to acetylcholine receptors (85-90% of patients)
