Pastest mocks Flashcards
1
Q
in multiple drug overdose - what substance concentration is screened for
A
paraquat– helpful in aiding diagnosis and whether palliative tx needed
also helpful to determine what overdose was taken eg which med
2
Q
renal artery stenosis signs
A
asymmetrical sized kidneys
rec episodes pulm oedema
HTN
raised creatinine
3
Q
angiodysplasia
A
vascular deformity of GI tract
causes:
bleeding, IDA, AORTIC STENOSIS
Tx cautery, tranexamic acid
4
Q
how is fluconazole excreted
how should it be dosed
A
it is renally excreted
so if a pt is having dialysis- give fluconazole AFTER the session
5
Q
avoid which vaccine in egg allergy
A
influenza and yellow feverf
6
Q
meta analysis graph =
A
forest plot
7
Q
plots / graphs to input data from meta analysis
A
forest or funnel
funnel to show pub bias
8
Q
carpal tunnel pain worse when
A
worse at night
9
Q
which type of neuropathy nn is commonest in DM
A
femoral neuropathy
CFs
mm wasting and weakness- quadriceps
Loss of sensation medial thigh
10
Q
hepatorenal syndrome causes?
A
splanchnic vasoDILATION
11
Q
which p450 enzyme inhibits warfarin
A
2c9
12
Q
how to tell if insulin abuse
A
low c peptide during proven episode of hypoglycaemia
13
Q
radiotherapy site for mesolithioma
A
to thoracoscopy tract site
14
Q
androgen insensitivity syndrome main CFS
A
no pubic or axillary hair
x linked recessive
46XY
15
Q
LOW POTASSIUM== ALWAYS GIVE WHICH ANTI HTN
A
SPIRONOLACTONE
16
Q
PERIARTICULAR osteoporosis= ?
A
RA
17
Q
phaeochroocytoma Tx
A
phenoxybenzamine = non selective alpha antagonist
adrenal mass
18
Q
sedation in the elderly
A
HALOPERIDOL ONLY TO reduce risk of CV event
19
Q
how does gentamicin cause nephrotoxicity
A
proximal tubular dysfunction
20
Q
byssinosis
A
cotton mills, symptoms similar to occupationa asthma
21
Q
human genome
A
methylation suppresses gene transcription
22
Q
GTN MOA
A
dilate systemic veins
23
Q
klebsiella Abx treatment=
A
tazocin
24
Q
pH 7.0 = H?
pH 7.4 = H?
A
pH 7.0 = H 100
pH 7.4 =H 40
25
hypercalcaemia + multivitamin supplements +indigestion:
milk alkali syndrome
26
which heart med causes mouth ulcers
nicorandil
nico likes k and this gives him ulcers
27
which drug target governs hayflick limit
telomeres
28
mesenteric colitis/ischaemia vessel affected
superior mesenteric artery
29
PVL staph aureus treatment
first n second like
1. fluclox
2. clindamycin
3. po linezolid
30
primary cause of ketonuria
lipolysis
31
treatment essential thromboytosis
hydroxyurea
32
which part of antibody binds to phagocyte surface
Fc portion
33
how to confirm if goitre is causing breathlessness
flow loop spirometry
34
how does alcohol cauase hypoglycaemia in DM patient
increased first phase insulin response
increased insulin secretion
35
duchenne and beckers dystrophy cause of mm weakness
telomere shorteningq
36
sjogrens antibody
anti ro
37
behcet syndrome treatment
prednisolone
second line azathioprine
38
what pain relief increases serotonin syndrome likelihood
tramadol
ecstasy
amphetamines also affect
39
Tx CRAO
acetazolomide
vasodilators
ocular massage
40
human bite abx Tx
co amoxiclav
41
platelet transfusion bacterial contamiation organism
Staph epidermis
42
in hyperkalemia= how does insulin dextrose help
insulin drives K from extracellular into intracellular space
43
TB test to show active, infectious TB
multiple sputum smears and cultures
ALL other investigations (mantoux, IFGamma, TB PCR== latent tb)
44
marfans heart murmur
Pulmonary regurg== gives diastolic murmur
AORTIc REGURG most commonly seen
MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE 75%
FIBRILLIN
45
eczema herpeticum causative org
herpes simplex virus 1
46
IgG1 deficiency symptoms
hypogammaglobulinaemia
recurren infections, resp infections, sinusitis
Tx is vaccines are essential
47
post SAH treated with coiling- pt has headache, CN6 palsy== cause?
neuro signs, papillodema
hydrocephalus- common SAH complication
48
RA HLA ??
DRB1 04:01
49
NOS and alcohol worsen what ?
b12 deficiency
optic neuritis
loss vibration and priopception
+ upgoing plantars
50
digoxin MOA
Inhibits Na K ATPase membrane pump= increase intracellular sodium
51
vincristinewhich stage of cell cycle does vincristine act on
which stage of cell cycle does vincristine act on
METAPHASE
VINNY from jersey shore is META
52
legionella pneumonia tx
Azithromycin
levofloxacin if macrolide contraindicated
53
side effects of pan retinal photocoagulation
tunnel vision (decreased peripheral vision) , reduced colour vision
54
smooth enlarged slightly tender goitre and hyperthyroid symptoms==?
graves disease
block and replace w carbimazole
55
diptheria Tx
azithromycin
56
what is intention to treat
ITT= eg if 70 ppl dropped out of a study, assume that they had no response to the treatment being invetigated
57
young pt without structural heart disease in new SVT== treat ?
fleicanide
58
treaatment whipples disease
positive PAS test schiff
CO TRIMOXAZOLE
59
AMAUROSIS FUGAX cfs and causative vessel
curtain descending in an eye
causedby ISPSILATERAL ICA
60
stable HBa1c monitor time
6 montly
61
flexor pollicis longus action and supply
thumb flexion- terminal phalanx of thumb
median nerve supply
62
radial nn actions and supply
extensor muscles and abductor pollicis longus
63
campylobacter Abx treatment
erythromycin or azithromycin
64
best initial investigation for small joint involvemnt in Rheum Arth
colour US Doppler
65
Ix for ?OSA and what it involves
polySOMography\
records oximetry, BP, HR and evidence of awakenings
66
poor prognosis in pulmonary HTN
raised BNP, development of AF
67
what does COCP protect agaisnt and increase risk of
protects against: ovarian, endometrial, colorecta ca
INCREASE risk of cervical and breast ca and incr VTE
cervical cancer risk incr the most
68
primary sclerosing cholangitis IX
MRCP
69
lateral medullary syndrome CFs and which vessel affected
PICA
ipsilateral horners
contralateral loss of temp and pain
70
how does apical pulmonary fibrosis affect KCO
increased KCO
71
largest constituent of bile
bile salts
72
main physiological cause of achalasia
failure of dilation of cardiac/lower oesophageal sphincter
disordered motility of LOWER third of oesophagus
Tx botox
dilation myotomy
73
MALT lymphoma tx
H pylori eradication
74
bloody diarrhoea= giardia or amoeba?
amoeba
75
what is palindromic rheumatism and its treatment
rhem joint symptoms that recover between attacks
tx= hydroxychloriquine
small joint polyarthritis, responds well to non steroidal treatment
76
which part of nephron is impermeable to water
ascending LOH
77
what happens to hepatocytes hep a or hep e infection
hepatocyte necrosis
78
ECG showing VT more likely that SVT with abberant conduction
negative concordance across chest leads
79
why does urine remain ketone positive after DKA treated?
acetoacetate
80
what improves ank spon back pain
back pain in ank spon improves with exercise
not rest
81
what genotype of alpha antitrypsin causes no disease if non smoker. can have slightly lowered peak flow
PIMZ
can have pimz but no smoking
82
early ank spon Imaging Ix gold standard
MRI lumbosacral spine and pelvis
83
strong indication for permanent pacemaker insertion
right BBBB and left anterior fascicular block - predisposes to complete heart block.
+syncope
84
where is the ostium of coronary sinus
right atrium
85
COPD venturi mask setting
38% o2 via venturi mask
86
niemann pick disease-- cause and what organelle affected
lysosomes affected , abnormal processing and transport of lipids
cauases cherry red spot on macula
87
24yo presents with DKA after alcohol - what type of diabetes does he have
type 1-DKA more likely in t1DM
MODY usually presents with skin infections, gradual symptoms
NOT dka
88
schistoma haematobium = causes. what
schistoma mansii = causes what
s haematobium causes bladdder TCC, CKD ALL RENAL
s mansonii causes hepatic fibrosis
89
pupil difference of 1mm but both pupils react normally==?
normal variant
90
biggest impact on kidney rejection 6 weeks post transplant?
HLA matching
HLA DR B a
91
biggest impact on kidney rejection 6 weeks post transplant?
HLA matching
HLA DR 6 months
B 2 years
A
92
regimental badge numbness = ?
axillary nerve
weakness deltoid mm
93
young ish person, no engagement w medicine,,
presents with short stature, tired ness, hypo PTH symptoms =?
congenital hypo parathyroidism
94
facial nn palsy compression at which anatomical site is common
stylomastoid foramen - supplies taste to ant 2 thirds of tongue
95
long term treatment for WPW syndrome
radiofrequency ablation
96
medication for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy- males and femlaes
sodium vlproate
levitiracetam
97
management of PPULMhypertension if pregnant
stop endothelin antag==== teratogenic
start sildenafil
START LMWH
98
gout- if pt cannot tolerate allopurinol or feboxustat=== try what medication?
benzobromarone
MOA= URAT1 inhibitor
99
when is cortisol highest and lowest
lowest at midnight (bed time- rest )
highest in the. morning
100
what type of cells express MHC HLA DR B class2
dendritic cells
101
ank spon initial and second line treatment
NSAID NAPROXEN
infliximab TNF if nsaid does not work
102
cyclophosphamide moa
t cell modulation
B cell depletion
103
pulmonary HTN can lead to what heart murmur?
Tricuspid regurg
104
fleicanide moa
Na fast channel inhibition
105
granulomatosis and polyangiitis cANCA positive renal biopsy finding?
pauci immune crescenteric glomerulonephritis
106
osteomyelitis abx tx in DIABETES PT
vancomycin and ceftriaxone
107
post PCI punched out ulcers, bluue discolouration? and mx
cholesterol embolism,
supportive mx
108
mediterranean background and Hb== screen for ?
screen for beta thallasemia
Hb electrophoresis
109
nurses holding power section
5 (4)
for 6 hours to arrange dr for 5(2) section
110
IPF medication
nintedanib - tyrosine kinase inhibitor
discontinue if disease progression seen
pirfenidone
111
small VSD during pregnancy mangement
reassure and leave
if no eisenmengers syndrome
or severe AS
112
agitated drug inducedpsychosis == give?
IM Haloperidol
113
UTI pt on trimethoprim has incr creat but normal GFR - likely cause?
trimethoprim
114
healthy 25yo man blood volume
75L man
65L woman
neonate 85
115
delerious old pt needs sedation
haloperidol
but avoid in parkinson
116
nephritic symptoms but no hearling loss /alports symptoms
thin basement membrane nephropathy
117
stroke pt has visual neglect- which lobe
parietal most likely
118
hereditary angiodema caused by
c1 inhibitor deficiency
elevated bradykinin
119
non alc steatohepatitis vs Alcoholic steatohepatitis
ALCOHOLIC steato hepatitis :
AST>ALT by 2 times
120
gangrene
subcut air
foul smelling liquid from bullae
dark purple discolouration
soldier, soil contamination
TX. metronidazole and clindamycin
121
microRNA function
splicing of messenger mRNA
122
dipyridamole MOA
ADP uptake inhibitor
123
IV quinine therapy side effect
hypoglycaemia
124
hypoparathyroid symptoms + short 4th 5th metacarpal + short + obese + LD
PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
125
omeprazole electrolyte disturbance
low sodium
low magnesium
126
In ALL pts with systemic sclerosis (incl limited and diffuse)which antibody is positive
ANTI NUCLEAR
127
what electrolyte makes digoxin toxicity worse
hypokalemia
long QTc
128
addisons ix
ACTH stim test
129
which Ig positive in chronic hep b
chronic hep b = positive IgG anti Hbc
NO IgM
130
trastuzumab MOA
HER 2
causes cardiac failure
131
why combo chemo therapy used
decrease risk of resistance developing
132
splentecomy- at risk of ?
h influenzae, n meningititis, s pneumoniae
need flu and pnuemococcal 4 weeks before splenectomy
post op= proph penicillin
133
when to start IV sodium bicarb if patient has low hco3?
if pH <7.2 - start IV bicarb
otherwise:
start IV 0.9nacl
134
latent TB tx
3 months R and I
135
spironolactone Site of action
distal tubule cortical collecting duct
136
ependydyomoa= slow growing
symtpoms over months and months
137
Pulmonary HTN is most associated with what congen heart condition
VSD
138
which organ has most response to hypoxia
carotid body
139
what is the earliest detectable test in HIV
HIV RNA
p53 7 days after infection
140
serium osmolality calculation
2Na+2K+urea+glucose
141
viral herpes encephalitis CFs
drowsy, confusion, loss of short term memory, tonic clonic seizure
only small rise in CRP
pyrexic
CSF shows lymphocytosis ,
142
phaechromocytoma BP tx
phenoxybenzamine
143
ACEi dilate afferent or efferent arteriole ? causing incr creatinine
cause efferent arterial renal dilation
144
common variable immunodeficiency most common type of infection?
giardiasis
145
pregnancy and T1DM - which supplement is most important
high dose folate 5mg=--- incr risk neural tube defect
146
bicep innervation
c6
147
pituitary apoplexy== haemorrage from incr pressure
pregnancy
Tx= cortisol replacement ASAP
hypotension/hyponatraemia secondary to hypoadrenalism
Investigation
MRI is diagnostic
Management
urgent steroid replacement due to loss of ACTH
careful fluid balance
surgery
CFs pit apoplexy
similar sudden onset headache like SAH
bitemp hemianopia
148
severe hyperkalemia = what ECG finding indiciates imminent cardiac arrest
long QRS
149
SIADH treatment
fluid restrict if obs stable
demeocycline= reduces the responsiveness of the collecting tubule cells to ADH
correct slowly due to central pontine myelinilysis
150
best way to slow progression of pulmonary fibrosis with asbestosis
STOP SMOKING
also getting flu and pneumonia vaccines
TO STLOW IPF== methyl pred and cyclophosphamide
151
Rheumatoid factor made of which Ig?
IgM
152
decrease hepatic encephalopathy=
1. lactulose
2. rifixamin
153
graft vs host disease causes ?
deletion of donor white cells
why u need to give irradiated blood
154
4th fourth heart sound HS corrrelates to ?ecg
after p wave
155
lateral medullary syndrome cause =
vertebral aa more common
PICA sometimes
156
acute psychosis medication
risperidone
157
Functional residual capacity FRC=?
vol of air left in lungs at the end of passive expiration
158
where is pacing wire inserted in the heart
coronary sinus= right atrium
159
stat test to identify disease that is crucial is identified
sensitivity
160
whipples disease tx
co trimoxazole
or
? tetracycline
161
malaria prophylaxis
atovaquone/proguanil== FIRST LINE
mefloquine (psych SEs)
162
how does docetaxel cause reduced renal function
renal tubular toxicity
163
tocilizumab MOA
anti IL6
164
IgA nephropathy Tx
common post resp infection
Tx PREDNISOLONE
165
nephrogenic DI treatment
thiazide eg hydrochlorthiazide== decreases urine output
166
syphilis Tx
azithromycin
167
plucked yellow papules chicken skin + polyp and hiatus herinia
pseudoxanthoma elasticum aut rec
168
which TB abx causes arthralgia and gout
P= pyrizinamine
169
sibling % of being HLA match for transplant
25%
170
Anti HTN medicine for lithium
amlodipine
171
salmeterol = ?
partial agonist of beta 2 receptor
172
optic neuritis Ix
MRI orbit and brain with contrast
173
If a pt has uncontrolled crohns causing pyoderma gangrenosum= start what treatment?
IV infliximab= bc their crohns is not being controlled adequately
174
bleeding duodenal ulcer = which vessel
gastroduodenal aa
175
psych + parkinsons = seeing things but knows they are not real = ?
hallucinations
176
primary progressive MS tx
ocrelizumab
177
eplerenone MOA and site of action
distal distal convoluted tubule (distal x 2)
both spironolactone and eplerenone act here
178
Parkinsons Tx :
with signif motor symptoms
without motor symptoms
WITH motor symptoms affecting QOL: LEVODOPA
without any motor symptoms: ropinirole
179
SE PPI omeprazole
low electrolytes
low sodium
low magnesium
OSTEOPOROSIS
180
Tx graves opthalmopathy
iv methylpred
severe= tocilizumab
181
difference between a reticulocyte and normal mature erythrocyte
reticulocyte containts RNA
182
what causes hypoxia on o2 sats in pneumonia
intrapulmonary shunting
183
what is ebsteins anomaly
large atrium, small ventricle (low tricuspid valve)
malformation of tricuspid valve and right ventricle
184
female primary amenorrhoea, no axillary hair, sparse pubic hair, NO SMELL == ?
kallmans
hypogonadotrophic hypopituitarism
185
SEVERE AS: if patient is well and fit for surgery= ?
biprosthetic valve replacement surgery if relatively fit
TAVI if old and frail and unsuitable for surgery
186
drainage of aqueous humour?
canal of schlemm
187
stroke timeframe for thrombolysis
4.5 hrs
do not give 300mg aspirin if going for thrombolysis or thrombectomy
188
human bite bacteria
human bite: sanguinis (bacteria found in mouth)
INFECTED human bite= s aureus
dog bite= pasteurella (gram negative bacillic), p acnes,
189
graves disease treatment
BLOCK AND REPLACE
severe= tociluzumab
190
CYCLOspora Abx
co trimoxazole
191
SBP treatment
e coli
iv cefotaxime
ciprofloxacin (covers gram neg)
vancomycin/ taz
192
turners syndrome = low oestrogen so how to prevent osteoporosis
HRT
193
normal thyroid change in pregnancy
free thyroxine= same
increase total t4
due to incr in thyroid binding globulin
194
early detection of measles test
oral fluid measles RNA
195
prolonged QT syndrome Tx
eg qt 490 (>450)
positive family history
DEFECT in POTASSIUM K channel alpha subunit
AVOID ICD== life threatening
Treatment = beta blocker, stellate ganglionectomy
196
reactive arthritis Tx
NSAID naproxen
prednisolong 2nd line
197
MODY= once sulfonylurea stops working ?tx
long acting insulin
198
alports syndrome initial Tx
ACE i to slow proteinuria
199
rheumatoid arthritis pleural effusion
pH <7.2
200
most important factors for re=stroke
duration>60 mins and
unilateral weakness
201
chronic co2 retention on VBg =?
high bicarb
202
where is beta adrenergic receptor
g protein in cell membrane
203
orchitis from mumps tx
NSAIDS= supportive
no need for abx
204
global aphaasia which part of brain
left perisylvian region and thalamus
205
t1dm antibody
anti GAD65
206
how to assess hep b immunity level
Hbs level
anti hep b surface antibody
207
anaphylactic blood transfusion reactions caused by which Ig?
IgA deficiency causes blood transufsion analphylaxis
208
which sudden death cardiac conditions associated w exercise
exercise - familial long QT and HOCM
dead in bed and also familial= brugada
209
furosemide MOA
reduce preload
ascending LOH naKCL
210
both trigylcerides and cholesterol raised in young ish person =
familial combined hyperlipideamia
if chol >7= heterozygous (norma triglyc)
211
acute pancreatitis drug causes
sodium vaproate
FUROSEMIDE
212
brucellosis
sheep cattle
rifampicin and doxyclcyine treatment
fever, neutropenia
joint pains
213
oculomotor nerve palsy which aa?
CN3 = PCA artery
214
DVT but pt needs anticoag with CKD5
warfarin - oral
215
bilirubin precursor
bilverdin
216
serotonin syndrome Tx
cyproheptadine
217
vomiting VBG
hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis
218
drug induced lupus antibody
antihistone
219
irinotectan MOA
DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibitor
220
which parkinsons med increases gambling behaviour
procyclidine
221
which heart medicine excacerbates syncope in AS
beta blocker
222
eyes appear responsive but pt is blind
occipital lesions
223
most specific RA
anti ccp
224
nephrogenic DI cause
defect aquaporin 2 channels
225
calculate cals needed / day
25-25 x kg
226
psychosis in parkinsons treatment
clozapine ( no worseing of movememnt disorder)
227
which IL in natural killer cell activation
IL12
228
where are cardiac myxomas most common
LA
229
measure asthma progression
FEV1
230
mebendazole moa
inhibit tubulin polymerisation
231
baclofen MOA
gaba B agonist
232
first line Abx UTI GFR <45
pivmecillamanenm
233
which aa closest to recurrent laryngeal nn
Inferior thyroid artery
234
pagets Tx
iv zolendronate
only denosumab if pt cannot tolerate
235
carcinoid tx
ocreotide
telotristat
236
pathogenesis of raised creatinine in liver alcoholics
raised endothelin
237
smoking cessation in pregnancy
1. NIcotine replacement therapy
238
HNPCC gene mutation
MSH
30% MLH
239
bird fanciers chlamydia pittsaci, brady cardia
doxy
240
Acute hep b tx
wait and see
repeat pcr
241
HIV and oesophageal ulcers
Tx= valganciclovir
242
venous thrombosis Tx
LMWH
243
skin condition name in lyme disease
erythema chronicum migrans
244
frontal balding, myotonia, prox weakness = and ix
dystrophhy
need REPEAT ECGS
245
CNS TB treatment time
12 months
246
heart med anti htn causes ankle swelling
ACEi: due to incr bradykinin
doxasozin
247
post MI what is common
Mitral regurg SOB hypotensive but no chest pain
248
how does prednisolone help asthma
reduce transcription of inflammatory genes
249
bilateral central scotoma, cupping, raised intraocular pressure
open angle glaucoma
first line tx= timolol
250
foot plantar flexion
gastroscnemius
251
pneumothorax
chest wall to peripheral lung at hilum
252
true measurement of risk benefit for a new drug = ?
intention to treat
253
acromegaly test
1. IGF 1 (not any other number)
or
glucose tolerance with GH measurement
254
CMV pre renal prophylaxis
gancivlovir/ valganciclovir
255
gastrinoma or insulinoma more common in MEN1
GASTRINOMA much more common
256
why can meds be removed by dialysis
high water solubility
257
diabetic nephropathy findings on EM
mesangial expansion
basement thickening
arteriolarhyalinosis
258
parietal lobe aa supple=
ant cerebral aa
259
c diff cleaning
dilute bleach solution
260
SIADH = high urinary sodium
eg over 20
urinary sodium 30 = SIADH
261
PMR prednisolone dose
approx 15mg / day
high high steroid doises eg 40mg/day for temp arteritis
262
OLUgyric crisis anti emetic anti sicknesS
metoclopramide- DA antagonist
263
worseing SLE C3
if worsening SLE + nephiritis= REDUCED C3
264
aplastic anaemia
CFs
post EBV
low hb, low platelets
Tx= imm supp
Ix= bone marrow and trephine biopsy
265
amastigote= tx?
visceral leishmanosis
Tx= miltefosine
266
compare outcomes of 2 groups on 2 different interventions
chi squared
267
worst prognosis outcome post MI
EF<30
268
uncomplicated falcium malaria tx
and complicatd
<1% parasitaemia= PO arthemether and lufemantrine
5% parasitaemia= severe = IV artenusate
269
widespread listeria Abx=
amox and gentamicin
270
OSA lung function
is normal
271
lateral rectus moa
abduction
272
specialised antigen presenting cell
macrophage
273
over flow diarrhoea tx
1. glyc supp
2. phos enema
274
how does sodium valp cauase liver dysfunc
mitochondrial disturbace
275
diffuse systemic sclerosis antibodies and difference
diffuse= lung disease involvement
anti scl
and anti topoisomerase
276
liraglutide MOA
GLP1 agonist
277
alpha antitryp 1 def inheritance
co dominant
278
signet ring sign on cxr
bronchiectasis
279
NASH treatment to aid weight loss
liraglutide
GLP1 agonis
280
rapid onsent symptoms, incr blast cells , low platelets = ?
AML == Ix = BM
281
initial Ix for close TB contacts screening
mantoux test
if wheal ?5cm== screen for active infection
IFGamma assay
282
systolic or diaastolic increase as ages
incr in systolic BP
pulse pressure widens
283
in testicular seminoma= which marker to check
LDH
if teratoma= AFP
choriocarcinoma= HCG
284
impaired glucose tolerance caused by
hepatic insulin resistance
285
terminal ileum aa supple
ileocolic
286
ngt correct ph
pH1.5-3.5
287
homocystinuria tx
pyridoxine
288
migraine
unilateral
289
ige prod
b cels
290
winging of scapula
long thoracic nn
291
primary villiary cirrhosis ix
mrcp as well
292
yersinia tx
gentamicin
mimics appendicitis
293
what type of cells release tryptase in anaphylaxis
MAST CELLS
294
cystic fibrosis increase in which cell causing inflamm
neutrophils
295
post bypass surgery what will be deficient
IRON deficient post roux en y
296
Nephrogenic DI continues after stopping lithium Tx
thiazide like diuretic (indapamide) and NSAID
297
well circumscribed hair loss, exclamation hairs=
alopecia areata
Tx= high dose topical steroids
298
rasburicase MOA
urate oxidation
299
post HSP splenic rupture time
one month (4weeks)
300
BRCA2 cancers
breast ovarian
prostate
pancreas
301
acne rosacea Tx
1. top metronidazole
2. top azaelic acid
302
RA/CTD prolonged epsiaxis
acquired haemophilia A caused by factor 8 inhibity antibody
303
antiepileptic LEAST RISK of heart block
primidone== BARBITUATES low risk heart block
304
most common cause of new epilepsy in elderly
CVS
305
rusty sputum pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae
306
maintain UC remission
oral mesalazine
307
primary polycythaemia
low EPO
high Hb
308
evinacumab Moa
angiopoetic 3 inhibitor
309
bil dilated pupils, t wave inversion, aggression
coke overdose
310
small bowel bac overgrowth
hydroden breath test
xylose breath test
311
liver cyst hyatid cyst infectious disease
albendazole
312
meningococcus transmission
respiratory droplet
313
how to check if portal htn or nephrotic syndrome
Serum alb- ascitic fluid albumin
if <11= nephrotic
if >11= PORTAL HTN
314
lichen planus resistant lesions tx
ciclosporin, azathioprine
315
where is thyroid hormone receptor
nucleus
316
what metabolite of morphine causes resp depression
morphine 6 glucuronide
317
gentamicin toxicity
proximal tubule
318
steroid resistant severe eczema Tx
1. ciclosporin, azathiprine , mycolate mofetil
after that- JAK inhibitors eg baricitinib
319
ambisentran -
bosentan =
ambisentran= endothelin A only
bosentan = mixed endothelin A and B
320
hypoglycaemia, jaundice, HoTN, drowsy
falciparum malaria
321
dilated pupil non responsive to light
partial CN3 palsy
birght lights difficult
322
percentage benefit per year eg
5 years, 15% vs 5%
(15-5)/5 years == 2%
323
raynauds
nifedipine
sildenafil
324
metoprolol gene
ADRB2
325
severe untreated psoriasis
ciclosporin
infliximab
326
temporal arteritis
vision loss/claudication== iv methrylpred 100mg/sday 3 days
otherwise- 40mg pred PO
327
steroid requirement a day
prednisolone and hydrocortisone
hydrocortisone 15-25mg / day
which = 4mg prednisolone a day
328
metformin gfr
<30 = stop metformin
30-45= reduce dose
329
monitor removed phaeochromocytoma
urinary catecholamines
330
s aureus IE treatment infective endocarditis
1. fluclox, rifampicin, gent
if methicillin resistant=. MSRA= give vanc
331
gilbert syndrome
unconjugated bili increase
332
factor 5 leiden test
dilute russels viper venom time
333
A post-marketing observational study of a new drug
profile of adverse effects
334
HSP =
IgA , mesangial deposition
335
ST elevation with Q wVES = ?
L VENTRICULAR aneurysm
336
what type of renal problem do NSAIDS cause
acute interstitial nephritis
337
cause of steatorrhoea in systemic sclerosis
smal bowel bacterial overgrowth
338
IPF which lung func test most important
decreased TLCO
339
valsalva causes
decreased venous return to heart
340
best anti HTN for lithium
amlodipine
341
restless leg tx
dopamine agonists ropinirole, pramipexole and rotigotine
342
how does chemo work
apoptosis
343
most common finding of pericardial constriction
hepatomegaly
344
post delivery post partum, most common
Coronary artery dissection
345
triceps
c7
346
lipodermatosclerosis
hypodermis layer of skin
347
predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension.
albumin:creatinine ratio
348
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping.
substitution of a nucleotide for any other nucleotide
349
antipsychotic drugs MOA
DA antagonist
350
maintain normal sinus rhythm post AF cardioversion
amiodarone
351
isosorbide mononitrate
increase cyclic GMP
352
deranged LFTs + back pain+raised IgG=?
autoimm hepatitis
353
urge incontinence
oxybutinin
solifenacin
354
BNP origin
ventricles
355
which type of medicine can cause blocked nose in pts with asthma
aspirin
356
penicilin allergy
avoid mero, taz, cefs
357
what causes hypocalcaemia in renal ckd
activated vit d deficiency
358
how does aciclovir cause renal dysfunc
crystaluria
359
foam cells
macrophages, monocytes
