Pastest Flashcards
Signet cells and linitis plastica?
Adenocarcinoma
signet cells confirms a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma
Carcinoid syndrome
Flush is the main symptom Hypotension Tachycardia Right sided cardiac valve fibrosis Increased skin temperature PROFUSE secretory diarrhoea
Charcot’s triad
- Fever
- Jaundice
- Abdominal pain
(acute cholangitis)
Spider naevie and hepatic disease?
True
Acanthosis nigricans and gastrointestinal malignancy?
True
Cutaneous pigmentation and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
True
Most common cause of GI haemorrhage?
Peptic ulcer disease
Can GI be a complication of overwhelming sepsis?
Stress ulcers causing severe GI bleeding are a recognised complication of severe burns and overwhelming sepsis
Causes of orogenital ulceration?
Behcets Pemphigus and pemphigoid Erythema multiforme Reiter's syndrome Herpes simplex virus HIV Syphilis
Prognostic indicators for acute pancreatitis?
Age over 55
Raised white count
Blood glucose
Urea
A fall in haemocrit and calcium and blood gas derangement
Amylase is not of prognostic value, it is only useful to make the inital diagnosis
Diptheria treatment?
Diptheria anti-toxin and penicillin/erythromycin
Nasal flaring. intercostal recession, increased respiratory effort and cyanosis are signs of what?
Respiratory distress
How might tracheo-oesophageal fistulae present?
May present immediately with an inability to feed
- Chronic cough
- pneumonia
- cyanosed when feeding
- failure to grow/thrive
- when coughin, produces copious amounts of secretions and appear to “blow bubbles”
A 5 year old presents with a severe sore throat, drooling of saliva, high temperature and difficulty in breathing
The is the unforgettable clinical picture of acute epiglottitis
Breslow thickness?
The depth from the granular layer of the epidermis to the deepest melanoma cell
-The breslow thickness is a prognostic indicator
UVB, direct or inderect DNA damage?
UVB causes direct DNA damage
UVA causes indirect DNA damage
Prognostic indicators which worsen the diagnosis of malignant melanoma?
Ulceration
Vascular invasion
Nodular subtype
How do you investigate achalasia?
Oesophageal manometry
Carcinoid syndrome flush is associated with what?
Tachycardia, hypotension and increased skin temperature
Intermittent dysphagia could be caused by what
Benign oesophageal strictures
Dukes A colon cancer
Confined to muscular lining of intestinal wall
Dukes C colon cancer
Node involvement
Dukes D colon cancer
Distant metastases are present
Where does carcinoma of the stomach most commonly occur?
The pylorus
Troisers sign?
Presence of a palpable lymph node in the left supraclavicular fossa, which is a sign of abdominal malignancy
-may be present in gastric cancers
(also called Virchows node)
Absorption of what may be impaired after gastrectomy?
fat and fat soluble vitamins (D)
Crypt abscesses
Ulcerative colitis (rare in Crohn’s)
Rose thorn (deep) ulcers
Crohn’s disease
Lymphod aggregates in Crohns or UC?
Crohns
Dukes B colon cancer
Tumour extends across the bowel wall
Causes of bright red PR bleeding?
Haemorrhoids or an anal fissure
