Past Questions Flashcards
How can learning plateau’s be minimised
Distribute sessions/ rest/ recovery periods
Resetting on goals/ tasks more challenging
Offering extrinsic rewards/ positive reinforcement
Using mental rehearsal Better coaching
Use whole part whole
Ensure performer focuses on specific cues
More variety in practice Make performer fitter
Why is intrinsic motivation better than extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic gives performer a sense of control over performance
Excessive extrinsic May reduce intrinsic motivation
Performers demand increasing extrinsic rewards/ lose their value
Failure to achieve extrinsic can reduce intrinsic
Extrinsic motivation controls or manipulates behaviour. Eg cheating
What are the two types of traces.
Memory trace
Perceptual trace
What are the characteristics of a skill?
Learnt Efficient Fluent Athletically pleasing Repeatable success Controlled Goal orientated Accurate
Other than reinforcement how else could a coach ensure that operant conditioning is likely to result in the successful learning of a new skill?
Use of punishment Correcting mistakes Trail and error learning Manipulating the environment Shaping Use of target areas feeders and equipment
What are the two types of extrinsic motivation
Tangible- prizes/ rewards / cup/ medals
Intangible- praise/cheering / fame
What are benefits of goal setting
Improved confidence Increased motivation Task persistence Reduced anxiety Focuses attention Approach behaviours
Explain factors that can influence the effectiveness of attention retention and motor production in observational learning
Attention - how attractive/ successful
- demonstration can be seen and specific Areas highlighted
Retention - can observer recall /keep mental pic
- demonstration is relevant
Motor production - performer has ability to reproduce task
- immediate opportunity to practic
What are the key terms relating to operant conditioning
S-R bond Trail and error learning Shaping Controlling the environment Reinforcement Watching demo
What key points are there to open loop control
Motor program's stored in LTM Motor program's made up of subroutines Movement can't be adjusted No feedback Ballistic movements - subconscious control
What are the key points of level 2 closed loop control
Subconscious using memory trace
Feedback - concurrent and intrinsic
Adjust/ refinement at muscle level
What are the key points of level 3 closed loop control
Motor program stored in LTM
Feedback occurs - based on environmental factors
Perceptual trace
Conscious control
What will make observational learning more effective
Relevant to the learner Accurate Status of the model (respect) Physical and mental readiness Motivation
