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1. Diseases of Ruminants I. > Past Questions 1 > Flashcards

Past Questions 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nerve aetiology for Bloat?

A

N. Vagus damage

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2
Q

Clinical picture with N. Vagus/Vagal indigestion bloat aetiology?

A

Can’t Eructate

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3
Q

Treatment for RAD and LAD?

A

RAD = Right displacement, Surgical correction
LAD = Roll the cow, Toggle, Surgical correction, Cull

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4
Q

Digital dermatitis located on front or hind limbs?

A

Hind limbs

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5
Q

Characteristic lesions for digital dermatitis?

A

Strawberry form, circumscribed area above interdigital cleft on plantar side, pain, lameness, hairs at periphery are erected, focal hypertrophy, wet grey

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6
Q

Interdigital dermatitis (SF) characteristic lesion?

A

Heelside junction (Cracks, Strawberry rot)

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7
Q

Where most commonly does interdigital dermatitis (SF) occure?

A

On plantar side of pastern (above cleft)

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8
Q

Intertrigo is?

A

Udder cleft dermatitis

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8
Q

Max height of foot bath for cattle?

A

15 cm

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9
Q

Max heigh of foot bath for sheep?

A

6 cm

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10
Q

Concentration of formaline for foot bath?

A

3-5%

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11
Q

Claw trimming in sheeps?

A

min. 2x a year

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12
Q

Foot rot is?

A

Phlegmona interdigitalis (Infectious pododermatitis) - Grade 5 of lameness

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13
Q

Most common bacteria causing foot rot?

A
  1. Fusobacterium necrophorum
  2. Dicelobacter nodosus
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14
Q

Common site for foot rot?

A

Hind limbs

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15
Q

Strain of virus responible for skin warts?

A

BPV I + II

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16
Q

Best moment for treatment against warbles?

A
  • Ivermectin and Avermectin
  • Heifers in the fall and adult dairy cows are resistant
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17
Q

Typical virus responsible for abortions?

A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus - BVDV
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - IBR

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18
Q

Rate of abortion in ‘normal’ herd?

A

1-2%

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19
Q

Strawberry foot?

A
  • Dermatitis digitalis
  • Mostly hind leg in cattle
  • Lesions are found above interdigital cleft on planter aspect of pastern
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20
Q
A
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21
Q

Udder haematoma?

A
  • No NSAID!! will cause bleeding
  • Use Icthalmo ointment for reabsorption
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22
Q

Reasons for thrombosis of vena cava caudalis?

A
  • Rupture of artery in lung
  • Rupture of abscesses near hilus of liver
  • Thromboemboli transverse the right heart
  • Bacteria
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23
Q

Treatment for urticaria with dyspnoe?

A

(Epinephrine, dexamethasone, prednisolone)
* Remove Ag with dyspnea = 1-5ml of epinephrine ar 1:1000 dilution i.v. or 4-8ml s.c. or i.m.
* Tracheostomy - in laryngeal edema
* Furosemides for pulmonary edema

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24
Q

TBC in milk?

A

Max 100 000 cells/ml

25
Q

SCC in milk?

A

Max 400 000 cells/ml

26
Q

Clenbuterol in C-section?

A

(Tokolysis - anticontraction medication)
Is a steroid, give 10ml i.m.
Beta 2 agonist
Muscle relaxant

27
Q

Nervous disease we are able to treat?

A
  • Polopencephalomalacia if a simple Thiamine deficiency
  • Listeriosis = Penicillin i.m. and Tetracyclines i.v/s.c., 7-21 day treatment
  • Tetanus = Clean wound, tetanus antitoxin, penicillin, acepromazine, supportive treatment
  • Thrombolic meningioencephalitis = Penicullin, supportive therapy, corticosteroids, dexamethasone and NSAID
28
Q

Stage 1 parturition

A
  • Preparatory stage
  • 2-3 hours in cows longer in heifers
  • Calf rotates to an upright [position
  • Stage ends with passage of water bag and dilation of the cervix
  • Intervene after 8 hours
29
Q
A
30
Q

Stage 2 parturition

A
  • Actual birth of calf
  • Intense contractions
  • Takes 3-6 hours in heifers, 2-4 hours in mature cow
31
Q

Stage 3 parturition

A
  • Expulsion of fetal membranes
  • 8-12 hours
32
Q

What is happening in the last 6-8 weeks of pregnancy?

A
  • Movement of immune cells into udder to form colostrum
  • Movement of nutrients into uterus to build strong healthy calf
33
Q

What is abortion?

A

Fetal death and expulsion between 45-265 days

34
Q

Reasons for laminitis?

A
  • Inflammation of lamina of corium due to increased histamine in blood leading to pain
  • Predisposing factors
    1. Parturition
    2. Puerperal metritis
    3. Displaced abomasum
    4. Lactic acidosis
    5. Secondary endotoxemia
    6. Mechanical Factors
35
Q

Maternal signal to delivery?

A

** Increase in Estrogens**

As fetus appproaches full term, progesterone levels decrease and estrogen levels increase preparing the uterus for delivery

** Fetus releases Cortisone**

Stimulates the beginning of the birth process

Factors stimulation birth are:
1. Increased fetal size
2. Uterine distension
3. Degeneration of placenta
4. Prescence of infarcts

36
Q

Impending parturition?

A
  1. Increases size of vulva
  2. Softening and sinking of the area between the tail and pin bones
  3. Increase in udder size
37
Q

Extreme LH pulses and lack of LH release is associated with?

A

Development of functional ovarian disorders

38
Q

Acute puerperal metritis is?

A

Inflammation of the uterine myometrium and perimetrium

39
Q

Embryo is most resistant to the action of teratogens?

A

Before implantation

40
Q

Ethiology (most common) of abomasal displacement?

Predisposition for abomasal dispalcement?

Etiology of LDA?

A

Ketosis!

41
Q

Diagnosis of abomasal displacement?

A
  • Double auscultation
  • Blowing
  • Liver percussion
  • Puncture
  • Rectal examination
  • Sonography
42
Q

Metaphylaxis - definition?

A

D: In control or treatment of diseased animals
Given: After the aggression begins

43
Q

What happens if the treatment of BRD is delayed?

A

Increased number of death and chronically inected animals

44
Q

Metaphylaxis as treatment when?

A

Mass medication of a group of animals to eliminate or minimise an expected outbreak of diseases

45
Q

Most common bacteria in endometritis?

A

Fusobacterium
Necrophorum

46
Q

Thickness at the front of the claw in cunctional claw trimming?

A

7,5 cm

47
Q

Most common bacteria in endocarditis?

A

A (T). pyogenes

48
Q

Partial prolapse seen in?

A

Lying cow

49
Q

Most common cause of endometritis?

A

Pieces of retained placenta

50
Q

How long is course of ringworm?

A

3 months

51
Q

Optimal time for first calving in heifer?

A

2 years

52
Q

Non contagious bacteria for mastatis?

A

Staphylococcus Uberis

Streptococcus Uberis, Psudomonas, Coliforms, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, coagulase -tive staphylococci

53
Q

What is affected by peroneal nerve paralysis?

A

Rear limb

54
Q

**

Syndrome of encephalomalitis in standing cow?

A

Opisthotomus, Blindness, Ataxia

55
Q

Where most commonly start dermatitis interdigitalis?

A

Trenasverse crack at the heel-sole junction

56
Q

Auscultation of murmurs in pericarditis?

A

Both (Diastolic and Systolic)

57
Q

Grade 3 of lameness in standing cow?

A

Animal stresse the limb by standing fully pronounced, lameness seen by walking

58
Q

What is more common in lameness?

A

Suspensory

59
Q

Treatment for foot rot?

A

Both topical and systemic

1. Diseases of Ruminants I. (2 decks)

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