Past Questions 1 Flashcards
Nerve aetiology for Bloat?
N. Vagus damage
Clinical picture with N. Vagus/Vagal indigestion bloat aetiology?
Can’t Eructate
Treatment for RAD and LAD?
RAD = Right displacement, Surgical correction
LAD = Roll the cow, Toggle, Surgical correction, Cull
Digital dermatitis located on front or hind limbs?
Hind limbs
Characteristic lesions for digital dermatitis?
Strawberry form, circumscribed area above interdigital cleft on plantar side, pain, lameness, hairs at periphery are erected, focal hypertrophy, wet grey
Interdigital dermatitis (SF) characteristic lesion?
Heelside junction (Cracks, Strawberry rot)
Where most commonly does interdigital dermatitis (SF) occure?
On plantar side of pastern (above cleft)
Intertrigo is?
Udder cleft dermatitis
Max height of foot bath for cattle?
15 cm
Max heigh of foot bath for sheep?
6 cm
Concentration of formaline for foot bath?
3-5%
Claw trimming in sheeps?
min. 2x a year
Foot rot is?
Phlegmona interdigitalis (Infectious pododermatitis) - Grade 5 of lameness
Most common bacteria causing foot rot?
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- Dicelobacter nodosus
Common site for foot rot?
Hind limbs
Strain of virus responible for skin warts?
BPV I + II
Best moment for treatment against warbles?
- Ivermectin and Avermectin
- Heifers in the fall and adult dairy cows are resistant
Typical virus responsible for abortions?
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus - BVDV
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - IBR
Rate of abortion in ‘normal’ herd?
1-2%
Strawberry foot?
- Dermatitis digitalis
- Mostly hind leg in cattle
- Lesions are found above interdigital cleft on planter aspect of pastern
Udder haematoma?
- No NSAID!! will cause bleeding
- Use Icthalmo ointment for reabsorption
Reasons for thrombosis of vena cava caudalis?
- Rupture of artery in lung
- Rupture of abscesses near hilus of liver
- Thromboemboli transverse the right heart
- Bacteria
Treatment for urticaria with dyspnoe?
(Epinephrine, dexamethasone, prednisolone)
* Remove Ag with dyspnea = 1-5ml of epinephrine ar 1:1000 dilution i.v. or 4-8ml s.c. or i.m.
* Tracheostomy - in laryngeal edema
* Furosemides for pulmonary edema
TBC in milk?
Max 100 000 cells/ml
SCC in milk?
Max 400 000 cells/ml
Clenbuterol in C-section?
(Tokolysis - anticontraction medication)
Is a steroid, give 10ml i.m.
Beta 2 agonist
Muscle relaxant
Nervous disease we are able to treat?
- Polopencephalomalacia if a simple Thiamine deficiency
- Listeriosis = Penicillin i.m. and Tetracyclines i.v/s.c., 7-21 day treatment
- Tetanus = Clean wound, tetanus antitoxin, penicillin, acepromazine, supportive treatment
- Thrombolic meningioencephalitis = Penicullin, supportive therapy, corticosteroids, dexamethasone and NSAID
Stage 1 parturition
- Preparatory stage
- 2-3 hours in cows longer in heifers
- Calf rotates to an upright [position
- Stage ends with passage of water bag and dilation of the cervix
- Intervene after 8 hours
Stage 2 parturition
- Actual birth of calf
- Intense contractions
- Takes 3-6 hours in heifers, 2-4 hours in mature cow
Stage 3 parturition
- Expulsion of fetal membranes
- 8-12 hours
What is happening in the last 6-8 weeks of pregnancy?
- Movement of immune cells into udder to form colostrum
- Movement of nutrients into uterus to build strong healthy calf
What is abortion?
Fetal death and expulsion between 45-265 days
Reasons for laminitis?
- Inflammation of lamina of corium due to increased histamine in blood leading to pain
- Predisposing factors
1. Parturition
2. Puerperal metritis
3. Displaced abomasum
4. Lactic acidosis
5. Secondary endotoxemia
6. Mechanical Factors
Maternal signal to delivery?
** Increase in Estrogens**
As fetus appproaches full term, progesterone levels decrease and estrogen levels increase preparing the uterus for delivery
** Fetus releases Cortisone**
Stimulates the beginning of the birth process
Factors stimulation birth are:
1. Increased fetal size
2. Uterine distension
3. Degeneration of placenta
4. Prescence of infarcts
Impending parturition?
- Increases size of vulva
- Softening and sinking of the area between the tail and pin bones
- Increase in udder size
Extreme LH pulses and lack of LH release is associated with?
Development of functional ovarian disorders
Acute puerperal metritis is?
Inflammation of the uterine myometrium and perimetrium
Embryo is most resistant to the action of teratogens?
Before implantation
Ethiology (most common) of abomasal displacement?
Predisposition for abomasal dispalcement?
Etiology of LDA?
Ketosis!
Diagnosis of abomasal displacement?
- Double auscultation
- Blowing
- Liver percussion
- Puncture
- Rectal examination
- Sonography
Metaphylaxis - definition?
D: In control or treatment of diseased animals
Given: After the aggression begins
What happens if the treatment of BRD is delayed?
Increased number of death and chronically inected animals
Metaphylaxis as treatment when?
Mass medication of a group of animals to eliminate or minimise an expected outbreak of diseases
Most common bacteria in endometritis?
Fusobacterium
Necrophorum
Thickness at the front of the claw in cunctional claw trimming?
7,5 cm
Most common bacteria in endocarditis?
A (T). pyogenes
Partial prolapse seen in?
Lying cow
Most common cause of endometritis?
Pieces of retained placenta
How long is course of ringworm?
3 months
Optimal time for first calving in heifer?
2 years
Non contagious bacteria for mastatis?
Staphylococcus Uberis
Streptococcus Uberis, Psudomonas, Coliforms, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, coagulase -tive staphylococci
What is affected by peroneal nerve paralysis?
Rear limb
**
Syndrome of encephalomalitis in standing cow?
Opisthotomus, Blindness, Ataxia
Where most commonly start dermatitis interdigitalis?
Trenasverse crack at the heel-sole junction
Auscultation of murmurs in pericarditis?
Both (Diastolic and Systolic)
Grade 3 of lameness in standing cow?
Animal stresse the limb by standing fully pronounced, lameness seen by walking
What is more common in lameness?
Suspensory
Treatment for foot rot?
Both topical and systemic
