Past Q's Farm animal 2019 Flashcards
Parasitic bronchitis and pneumonia in cattle – etiology:
Dictyocaoulus vivparus
Which statement is true for laboratory signs of fatty liver syndrome in cows?
The blood urea conc. usually decreases
The most common congenital cardiac disease of swine from the list below:
Ventricular septal defect
Glasser’s disease in swine, etiology:
Haemophilus parasuis
Viral stomatitis – Etiology – Ruminants:
Apthovirus, Morbillivirus, Pestivirus
Plants causing primary and secondary photosensation (short story):
Primary photosensitisation – Plants contai.ning photosensitising (photogenic) substances
Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) – Hypericin Fagopyrum esculentum Lupinus albus Trifolium spp. Brassica spp.
Secondary photosensitisation:
Aberrant pigment synthesis – Inherited congenital porphyria
Hepatogenous photosensitisation (pylloerthrin accumulation)
Plants containing hepatotoxins – Lupinus, periconia, fungus
Chemicals e.g. Cl, corticosteroids
Primary photosensitisation – Ruminants – Etiology:
Uptake of plants containing photogenic agents, like Hypericin
Causes of hepatosis dietetica in swine:
Selenium / Vitamin E deficiency
Laboratory alterations in the blood during reticuloperitonitis:
Glutaraldehyde test + Plasma fibrinogen ↑ Plasma globulin ↑
Oesophageal obturation – Predilectory places – Cattle:
Behind the pharynx, thoracic inlet, heart base, entrance of the cardia
Enzootic leukosis of cattle – Etiology, infection route:
C-type oncovirus / Retroviridae family. Infection by blood, transplacentary infection
Left-sided abomasal displacement – Auscultation / Spontaneous tinkling sounds (diagnostic accuracy):
Has a diagnostic accuracy of 30-40%
Left-sided abomosal displacement – Auscultation with percussion (diagnostic accuracy):
Has a diagnostic accuracy of 90-95%
Secondary dilatation of the forestomaches can occur in:
Tetanus, Atropin-poisoning, oesophageal obturation
Viral stomatitis – Etiology – Ruminants:
Apthovirus, Morbillivirus, Pestivirus
Parasitic bronchitis and pneumonia – Cattle – Etiology:
Dictyocaulus viviparus
Urolithiasis of feedlot bulls – Pathogenesis:
Struvite in the bladder – Obstruction of the urethra – Rupture of the urethra
Vegetative endocardiosis – Swine – Most commonly effected valve:
Mitral valve
The most common congenital disease of swine from the list below (MCQ):
A)Congenital ventricular septal defect B) Viva Santa Maria C) Ventricular septal defect D) Swine..? E) Mitral valve
C) Ventricular septal defect
D) Swine..?
E) Mitral valve
Iron injection in swine - When?
At the first 2-5 days after birth
What predisposes to PSS?
Vitamin E and Se deficiency
Ketosis in goat - When are they susceptible?
Twinning in the last trimester
Fog fever – Cattle – Occurrence:
Only in grazing adults
Etiology and pathogenesis of fog fever – Cattle:
Grazing on pastures with rich vegetation – 3-methylindole – Pulmonary oedema, emphysema
Sheep – Pregnancy toxaemia – Treatment:
Early stage – Oral propylene glycol, oral Ca K and insulin. Oral calf commercial electrolyte solutions
containing glucose
Late stage – Dexmethasone to induce parturition / abortion if too fat / thin or cannot manage pregnancy
demands
Pig – Where to auscultate for:
Mitral valve insufficiency:
Tricuspid valve insufficiency: ?
Mitral valve insufficiency: Holosystolic cardiac murmur in the left 4th inter-costal space, clinical signs of
lung oedema
Tricuspid valve insufficiency: its a mystery
Horse – Where to auscultate for:
Mitral valve insufficiency:
Tricuspid valve insufficiency: ?
Mitral valve insufficiency: Holosystolic cardiac murmur in the left 5h inter-costal space, tachypnoea,
left-heart failure
Tricuspid valve insufficiency: also a mystery
Occurrence and type of bacteria for bacterial endocarditis:
Streptococcus is most common
Erysipelothrix is rare
Tricuspid insufficiency in cattle – The most common type of bacterial endocarditis in cattle
Signs of iron deficiency anaemia in piglets - Haematology:
Haematology – Hypochromic, microcytic, reduced haemoglobin content
Which is the appropriate liver enzyme group for ruminants – Hepatic enzymes (liver disease):
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) SDH (sorbitol dehydrogenase) GLDH (glutamate dehydrogenase) GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) ALP (alkaline phosphatase bilirubin
One cause of botulism:
Infected carcasses
(A highly fatal toxaemia caused by the ingestion of toxin produced during vegetative growth of Clostridium
botulinum in decomposing animal matter)
Botulism - Neurophysiological background:
Paralysis of the striated muscles due to inhibited ACh release at the pre-synaptic motor nerve endings
Botulism – Clinical signs:
Flaccid paralysis over a period of 1-3 days. Animal becomes recumbent and unable to eat or drink, but
being fully conscious. Death due to respiratory paralysis. (LIVING DEAD)
Tetanus – Clinical signs:
Muscle spasms cause a stiff gait, rigid posture (sometimes called ‘sawhorse stance’), extension or
elevation of the tail, protrusion of the 3rd eyelid and trismus (lockjaw). Horses show flaring of nostrils
Causes of water belly:
Urinary calculi
Sheep – 2 parasites causing bronchitis:
Dictyocaulus filaria
Protostrongylus
Cattle – Parasite causing bronchitis:
Dictyocaulus viviparous
Sheep – Occurrence of ketosis:
Last trimester, twins
Most common place of bacterial endocardiosis – Swine:
Mitral valve
Urolithiasis in feedlot bull - Pathogenesis:
Struvite in the bladder – Obturation of the urethra – Rupture of the urethra
Rumen fluid pH:
6.3 – 7.1
Acute erysipelas infection - causes:
Diamond skin lesions
Acute erysipelas – Septicaemia with diamond skin lesions
(Chronic – Arthritis and endocarditis)
Swine enterovirus. True or false?
- The infectious swine paralysis should be officially reported to the local veterinary authorities, it has an
unfavourable prognosis - The other name of the infectious swine paralysis is Teschen disease
Both are true
How do you treat a cow with obstructed oesophagus?
Lavage the oesophagus
(Cattle – Oesophageal obstruction (choke) on its own can be managed with standing oesophageal lavage
via orogastric tube or while under general anaesthesia. Usually large RBs can be pushed into the rumen
without further problems. Rarely need to be treated oesophagostomy)
Cause of PDNS: Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome
PCV-2
Skin lesions of acute porcine erysipelas:
Diffuse erythema, haemorrhages, diamond-shaped red raised discolorations of the skin
Length of the course of (forestomach) diseases:
Peracute: A few hours – 2 days
Acute: 3-14 days
Sub-acute: 2-4 weeks
Chronic: > 4 weeks
What are the symptoms of right abomasal displacement with torsion?
Acute course, severe deterioration, anorexia / atony of rumen, drinking increase painful abdomen,
tachycardia, small amount of dark creamy faeces
Pigment anaemia – Treatment, prevention – Timing of parenteral iron supply:
Parenteral Fe supply between the 2
nd and 5th days after birth
Which viruses can elicit poly-factorial calf diarrhoea?
VD, Rota-Corona viruses
Viral bronchitis – Viral pneumonia in cattle - which viruses?
RS-virus pneumonia, viral diarrhoea (BVD), infectious rhinotracheitis Herpes virus
Bovine ringworm – Occurrence, etiology:
Mainly in calves, Trichophyton verrucosum infection and predisposing factors
Enzootic leukosis of cattle – Infection:
C-type Onco virus / Retro viridae family, infection by blood, trans-placentary infection
Secondary, chronic recurrent ruminal bloat – Etiology:
Reticuloperitonitis, compression of the oesophagus, partial obstruction of the cardia
Piglet anaemia – Occurrence:
Among fast-growing piglets during intensive technology and without iron supply
Causes and route of infection of pyelonephritis in cows:
Corynebacterium renale, puerperal trauma of uterus or vagina, mainly ascending, rarely hematogenous
infection
Oesophageal obturation – Treatment – Cattle:
Trying
Parasitic bronchitis and pneumonia – Sheep – Etiology:
Dictyocaulus filaria
Protostrongylid spp.
Upper limit of Cl in the rumen fluid – Cattle:
30 mmol/L
Primary dilatation of the forestomaches can occur in:
Frothy bloat, ruminal acidosis, ruminal putrefaction
Which statement is NOT true for ruminants’ hepatic parasites?
A) Is more frequent in young cows and heifers
B) The stress around parturition and anorexia do NOT influence the development of the disease
C) The stress around parturition and anorexia are favouring the development
D) The administration of gluconeogenetic substances is absolutely contraindicated
B) The stress around parturition and anorexia do NOT influence the development of the disease
Which parasites cause enteritis in ruminants?
Eimeria, Trichostorngylus, Ancylostoma spp.
Slides: Eimeria, C. parvum, Toxocara vitulorum, and other GI heminthoses
Hoflund syndrome (vagus indigestion) – Which statement is NOT true?
A) The posterior functional stenosis occurs at the omaso-abomasal orifice, resulting in obturation of the
omasum with rough fodder
B) The posterior functional stenosis is characterized by a papple-shaped abdomen
C) The posterior functional stenosis occurs at the pylorus, resulting in elevation of the Cl conc. in the
rumen
D) The posterior functional stenosis can occur during left-sided abomosal displacement, in this case,
fluid-electrolyte replacement is necessary
A) The posterior functional stenosis occurs at the omaso-abomasal orifice, resulting in obturation of the
omasum with rough fodder
(Sentence is true, EXCEPT it occurs in pylorus)
Posterior functional stenosis – Which statement is NOT true?
A) The posterior functional stenosis is characterised by the increased CL concentration in the rumen.
B) The posterior functional stenosis occurs at the pylorus, resulting in dilatation of the abomasum
C) The posterior functional stenosis might occur in LDA
D) The posterior functional stenosis is characterised by foamy-creamy content of the rumen and
abomasum
D) The posterior functional stenosis is characterised by foamy-creamy content of the rumen and
abomasum
(True: Posterior – Rumen content is watery; juicy and Cl levels are increasing. Anterior:
The content is foamy-creamy)
Characteristics of Botulism in Cattle:
Contaminated feed / pasture with cadavers, 3-17 days incubation period, unaffected consciousness,
generalized flaccid paralysis of the striated muscles, dysfunction in comprehension of the feed,
dysphagia, paralysis of the tongue and tail – Respiratory paralysis
Occurrence of osteomalacia in cattle:
Disorder in Ca/P maintenance, older cows, pregnancy/lactation, in endemic regions
Which statement is NOT true for the ruminants’ hepatic disease?
A) The laboratory signs always reflect the severity of the clinical signs
B) Liver disease in ruminants are often secondary
C) Clinical signs, like the icterus, are not characteristic
D) The laboratory changes never reflect the severity of the clinical signs
A) The laboratory signs always reflect the severity of the clinical signs
Which statement is NOT true for ruminants’ hepatic parasites?
A) The most common intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica is Limnea truncatula
B) Dicrocoelum dendriticum causes traumatic hepatitis
C) Melarsomine can be given both against Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum
D) Albendazole can be given both against Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelum dendriticium
C) Melarsomine can be given both against Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Dermatomycosis of sheep – Etiology:
Trichophyton verrucosum + Microsporum canis
Characteristic of hydrocephalus in calves:
Hereditary or Intra-uterine BVD-virus infection, distorted skull, opisthotonus, spastic legs
ThromboEmbolic MeningoEncephalitis (TEME) – Features:
Haemophilus somnus disease of feedlot bulls with septicaemia, purulent pneumonia – Encephalitis,
progressive apathy, opisthotonus lateral recumbency, strabismus, somnolence (sleeping disease)
Treatment of frothy bloat:
Anti-foaming agents via special gastric tube, evacuation of the ruminal content in severe cases
Pathogenesis of acute rumen acidosis:
Lactobacilli ↑ - D-lactic acid production ↑ - Rumen pH ↓ - Local and general consequences in 6-12 hours
Left-sided abomasal displacement – Auscultation with ballottement - diagnostic accuracy:
Has a diagnostic accuracy of 90-95%
Pathogenesis of left-sided abomasal displacement:
Free fatty acid production ↑ - Abomasal atony – Gas and fluid ↑ - Abomasal dilatation – The abomasum
is fixed between the abdominal wall and the rumen
Primary dilation of the forestomach:
Frothy bloat, simple indigestion, ruminal putrefaction
Secondary dilatation of the forestomach:
Tetanus, atropine, oesophageal obturation
Characteristics of pityriasis rosea in swine:
Idiopathic congenital disease in piglets, circular erythemous skin lesions on the central abdomen with
central scaling, favourable prognosis
Piglet anaemia – Effects of iron deficiency:
Haemoglobin ↓ RBCs ↓ Microcytic, hyperchromic anaemia
Atrophic rhinitis – Swine – Etiology:
Dermonecrotic toxins of Bordatella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida + Disorders of hygiene + Breed
disposition
Teschen disease – Features:
Enterovirus-1 serotype polioencephalomyeltiis; less expressed brain symptoms, rather signs of myelitis,
ataxia, paraplegia, tetraplegia, any age
The course of botulism in cattle:
Can be peracute, acute or subacute
Pathogenesis of acute rumen overload and dilatation:
Overfeeding with rough fodder – Distention of the rumen – Compression of the diaphragm and caudal v.
cava – Shock, suffocation
Shipping fever – Cattle – Etiology:
Mannheima (Pasteurella) multocida
Hypoglycaemia of piglets – Clinical signs:
In 2-5 days old piglets, weakness, somnolentia, spasms, hypothermia, death, blood sugar < 3.0 mmol/L
Aujeszky disease (Pseudorabies) – Swine – True or false? - Adults: Neurological deficits are rare (tic, ataxia); mainly respiratory symptoms
True
Occurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy in Ruminants:
The disease occurs in cattle
What is the cause of dermatitis-nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)?
PCV-2
Most common predisposing factor for oral necrobacillosis in Swine:
Mechanical trauma
Oesophageal obturation – Suggested device for treatment – Cattle:
Thygesen probang
Primary dilatation of the forestomach can occur in:
Frothy bloat, ruminal acidosis, ruminal putrefaction
Secondary dilatation of the forestomach can occur in:
Tetanus, atropine-poisoning, oesophageal obturation
Piglet anaemia – When to treat per os:
Iron supply per os within the first 12 hours of life
Peroral Fe replacement: Within 12 hours after birth, ferrous sulfate, iron, dextrane / galactan
Parenteral Fe – Piglets (of 2-5 days) – IM iron dextran / fumarate / glutamate
Shipping fever – Cattle – Etiology:
Mannheima (Pasteurella) haemolytica
