Past Papers And Marking Schemes Flashcards
2019 Q1b: Explain the formation of a stack. (4)
Waves attach a line of weakness, such as a fault line, in the headland (1)
Types of erosion include hydraulic action and corrasion (1)
Continuous erosion will open up the crack and it will develop into a sea cave (1)
This can happen due to corration where stones and pebbles are repeatedly thrown against the cliff face by wave action, wearing it away (1)
Further erosion of the cave, often as opposite sides of the headland will form an arch (1)
The base of the arch is attacked by the wave until it eventually collapses (1)
This leaves behind a free standing piece of rock called a stack which is separate from the headland (1)
2019 Q5:
-Northerly wind
-30knots
-snow showers
-sky obscured
Draw a weather station circle to show the weather conditions described above (4)
Circle with a cross inside (1)
Line pointing north coming out the circle (1)
3 long lines coming out the side of the line (1)
A * with a see-through triangle underneath off to the side (1)
2019 Q7: Developments such as wind farms can cause land use conflicts. For a named area you have studied, explain why land use conflicts occur there (5)
In Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park (LLTNP), the National park authority has managed conflicts as follows. To prevent ugly tourist building s such as hotels from ruining the scenery they introduced strict planning laws which mean buildings must built with local materials and have a high-quality design. They also need to be screened by trees.
To prevent footpath erosion on Ben Lomond they have improved the path by laying stone slabs, whilst to prevent walkers from trespassing on farmland there are clear signpost directing them onto paths and fences have been put up to keep walkers out of fields. There are also signs with the countryside code reminding walkers to shut gates.
IN the honeypot village of Luss, a car park has been built outside of the town and yellow lines have been put down to prevent parking problems in the town, whilst littler bins have been provided to keep the streets litter free. However, in very scenic spots like Ben Lomond, bins have been removed to encourage tourists to take litter home.
To prevent conflicting water sports on Loch Lomond activities such as sailing and jet skiing have been allocated different zones. This zoning is enforced by park rangers.
Finally camping has been banned in most areas around Loch Lomond to prevent anti-social campers leaving rubbish behind. (Some camp sites have been designated but campers must obtain a permit for these areas).
2019 Q11: Referring to a developing world city you have studied, describe different ways shanty
towns are being improved.
In Mumbai, India, the government have tried to improve the shanty towns such as Dharavi in the following ways.
The government could demolish parts of Dharavi and build new low cost flats to rehouse people with good sanitation and electricity. This was called the Dharavi Redevelopment Scheme.
They have provided supplies of clean water pipes on shared taps in the streets houses. They have also tried to improve sanitation by building public toilets and putting sewers underground. Some homes have been provided with electricity and gas which can be used for cooking and heating. Rubbish collections could also be introduced to reduce the rubbish dumped on streets. These improvements were called the Site and Services Scheme.
They have also built a new town called Navi Mumbai so people from Dharavi can move there, reducing overcrowding in the shanty town. This has provided new homes with toilets and clean water and industrial areas where they can find jobs, thus reducing unemployment and poverty.
