Human, M3: Farming Flashcards
Why do developed countries have successful arable farms?
-Plenty of flat land
-Very fertile soils
-Near to a large market in Paris
-Mild sunny weather
-Adequate rainfall but not too much
What are the methods of modernisation of UK farms?
-Farmers specialised in certain crops as mass production makes more money.
-GM seeds which grow more quickly are resistant to drought and disease
-More machines nowadays instead of workers
-More chemicals:
1. Fertilisers make crops grow quicker and produce more food
2. Pesticides protect crops from disease
3. Insecticides protect crops from insects which may eat them
-Fields are now much bigger which is better for machines and mass production
-Small farms have joined up into bigger ones for mass production
What are examples of diversification of farms?
-Farm workers cottages made into holiday homes
-Campsites, horse riding, fishing and other tourist activities introduced
-Land sold/ rented for forestry, golf courses ect,
-Many farms have specialised in organic farming
What are the impacts of farming change in developed countries on the landscape?
-Machines require bigger fields which means less trees and hedges between fields
-Less trees and hedges mean that wildlife loses it’s habitats
-Pollution of rivers by fertilisers mean that rivers lose oxygen and fish die
-Scenery is less attractive with large open fields
-Increase in air pollution
-GM crops require more chemicals which causes more pollution
What are impacts of farming change in developed countries on people?
-Machines save farmers cost of labour
-Machines are more efficient and allow the farmer to produce more crops
-Fertilisers enable faster growth and higher crop yields
-Pesticides protect crops from disease
-More food is produces so the farmer makes more money
-Farmers get richer and standard of living improves
-Farm workers lose their jobs so rural unemployment increases
-People move away from countrysides and local services close.
-More food production causes cheaper prices in supermarkets.
What is the impact of diversification on the landscape?
-Fields left empty which allows wild flowers and wild animal habitats to develop.
-Less use of chemicals reduces river pollution
-Less production of food allows for small fields, less machines and more attractive landscape
-Some farmers are paid money by government to plant trees and create wildlife habitats
-Increase in tourism causes problems like litter, traffic congestion and pollution, and vandalism
What are the impacts of diversification on people?
-The farmer receives and increases income from tourism which means they have improved living standards.
-Negative impact on the farmers living standards as they lose privacy and are affected by noise and litter.
-Local people have more jobs available to them which means there is less unemployment and poverty,
-Local population is maintained so services remain open and businesses thrive.
-there are more leisure opportunities to local people in the countryside (e.g. Horse riding)
What is the impact of organic farming on the landscape?
-less machines means that trees and hedges are preserved
-Wildlife is conserved
-Less air pollution from machines
-Less pollution of rivers from fertilisers
What is the impact of organic farming on people?
-Less machines which means more jobs on farms are available
-High value of food provides good income for farmers
-Lower yields so not as much food can be produced
-Prices are more expensive for consumer
What are recent changes caused by the green revolution?
-The introduction of HYV Miracle seeds which produced more crops
-These seeds required more chemicals like pesticides to protect crops from disease
-new machines were introduced to farms e.g. mini tractors
-Farmers were educated about better farming techniques
-new irrigation schemes were introduced. These are systems which store water during the dry season and spray them onto crops.
What are impacts of increases technology in developing countries on people?
-Machines make work easier for farmer and production is more efficient
-Chemicals protect crops from disease and fertilisers allow crops to grow quicker
-More food is produced so:
-Farmer has more money for his family so problems of malnutrition reduced
-He may have crops to sell for profit so farmers get richer
-Standard of living improves for farmer.
-Poorer farmers cant afford new technology and are forced out of business
-More food means less hunger and malnutrition which means there is a healthier population
-Farm workers lose their jobs due to machines and become poorer
-They may be forced to move to slums in the city
What is the impact on the landscape of increased technology in developing countries?
-Fertilisers cause pollution of rivers and lakes
-Machines cause air pollution
-Trees and hedges as destroyed as farms get bigger for machines meaning wildlife habitats are destroyed.
-Irrigation can encourage moquitoes which spread malaria
-Irrigation can cause the soil to become salty and infertile
What are the effects of biofuels?
Benefits for farmer
-makes more money for farmer
-Farmer can use to fuel to power his machines
Benefits for local people
-Provides more jobs for farm workers and improves income of poorest people
-Jobs created in factories which produce to fuel from the sugar cane
People problems
-Less food is grown
-Food prices increases, poorer people go hungry
Landscape benefits
-Less oil needs to be imported
-Ethanol produced less pollution than oil
Landscape problems
-Sugar cane uses lots of waters, created water shortages
-Bigger fields and machines are needed so machines and hedges have been cut down
What are the impacts if GM crops?
-Can be resistant to droughts so grows even in dry season
-can be resistant to insects and pests so less chemical area needed
-can be resistant to hot or cold temperatures so gives longer growing season
So more crops can be produced
-More crops means more food which means more income for the farmer which means cheaper foods.
-May be dangerous to human health
-Expensive to develop so only wealthier farmers are involved
-Requires large amounts of chemicals such as fertilisers
