Past papers Flashcards
What is/are the visceral AFFERENT nucleus/ nuclei of vagus nerve?
lateral ala cinerea (solitary nucleus)
Which nucleus can be found in the facial colliculus?
Abducent nucleus with facial nerve looping around it
Which ganglion is responsible for the supply of palate glands?
Ptergopalatine ggl. (fibers from facial)
Which cranial nerve innervates the ciliary muscle?
Oculomotor n (short ciliary nerve)
Which funiculus of the spinal cord contains the pain fibers?
Anterolateral spinothalamnic (protopathic) (Spinal leminiscus?)
Which trigeminal nucleus contains epicritic information?
Principle (pontine)
Where is the third perikaryon for the pain conduction (trigeminal pathway) from the face?
VPM
Which tract terminates in the neocerebellum?
(Hemisphares) Pontocerebellar tract.
Which tract terminates in the Paliocerebellum?
(vermis) anterior and posterior spinocerebellar -(+reticulocerebellar)
Which tract terminates in the Archiocerebellum?
(nodule omg flocculus) vestibulocerebellar tract
Which tract terminates in the mammillary body?
Fornix (papes ring) Contines as mammillary thalamic tract from there)
Where is the injury in case of unilateral nasal hemianopia?
Optic nerve
in tract= loss in both = hennes svar
At which side of the optic nerve is the ciliary ganglion located?
Lateral to optic nerve (temporal)
From which pharyngeal pouch does the auditory tube develop?
First
Which ossicles develop from the first pharyngeal arch?
malleus and incus
Which ossicles develop from the second pharyngeal arch?
Stapes
Name a monosynaptic reflex arch in the brainstem
mesenteric reflex
Name a monosynaptic reflex arch in the spinal cord
strech reflex
Where is the second neuron in the olfactory pathway?
Olphactory bulb
Where is the first neuron in the olfactory pathway?
olfactory nerve comes from receptors directly (20 axons of receptors)
Where is the nucleus of the auditory pathway at the level of the mesencephalon?
Inferior colliculus
path of auditory pathway?
cholera spiral —->dorsal choclear nucleus-—>sup olivary——>trapezoid body connects)——>lat leminiscus to inf colliculus——> med. geniculate body.
Where is the corticospinal tract located in the mesencephalon?
Middle third of the Crus cerebri
What is the function of the corticonuclear fibers?
- conscious control of SM nuclei (CN 3,4,6, (12, 5motor))
Which nucleus gives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the laryngeal glands?
Medial ala cinerae (dorsal vagal nucleus)
Which nucleus gives brachiomotor (BM) fibers to glossopharyngeal nerve?
Ambigous
Which nucleus gives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal glands?
Superior salivatory nucleus
Which nerve gives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal glands?
V1,V2
Where does the fibers for lacrimal gland synapse?
(first bypasses the geniculate ggl without synapsing)
-in pterygopalatine ganglion
What kind of neurons are found in the spiral ganglion?
Bipolar
Mention a tract that terminates in the archicerebellum.
- vestibulocerebellar tract
Which nerve runs on the floor of the orbit?
- infraorbital nerve of trigeminal V2
Which nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? Give the nerve and the branch.
Glossopharyngeal via its lingual branch
Which pathway relays in the medial geniculate body?
Auditory
Which pathway relays in the lateral geniculate body?
Visual
Where does the medial lemniscus terminate?
VPL
Which tract carries epicritic information from the lower body?
Gracile foniculus of medial leminiscal tract
Which tract carries epicritic information from the upper body?
Cunate funiculus
What sensations does the dorsal ascending system carry?
Epicritic :
- Consious proprioception
- fine touch, vibration, point mutation
Where is the perikaryon of the 1st neuron of the tract that carries epicritic information from the upper body?
Dorsal root ganglion
From which pharyngeal pouch does the tympanic cavity develop from?
First
Where does the stapedius muscle insert?
Neck of Stapes bone
What is the autonomic ganglion for the oculomotor nerve?
ciliary ganglion
What kind of neurons can be found in the ciliary ganglion?
multipolar
Which bone does stapedius attach to?
Incus
Which is the Bronchiomotor nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Ambigous
Autonomic nucleus for laryngeal gland?
Dorsal vagal
Which ossicle develops from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
Stapes
Defect for bilateral hemianopsia?
leiscon in optic Chiasma
Location of perikarya if first neuron of protopathic tract?
- Dorsal root ganglion in spine
- Spinal trigeminal nucleus in head
What’s the motor nucleus of the thalamus?
VL,VA
What is the opening into the post wall of tympanic cavity?
(Aditus) Opening to mastoid antrum.
opening to medial wall of tympanic cavity?
oval and round windows
lateral walls? - tympanic membrane. - small apertures.
opening of floor of tympanic cavity?
opening for pharyngeal nerve
Rubrospinal tract which funiculus?
Lateral funiculus
From mammilary body, to which nuclei of thalamus?
Mammilothalamic tract
Anterior nuclei
What does gamma motor neurones innervate?
Interfusial fibers
Where does consensual reflex cross?
(Light reflex) Pretectal nucleus
Where is the 2nd order neuron of posterior Spinocerebellar tract situated?
Clarke’s column.
Which nerve is uppermost in orbital cavity
Frontal nerve
Apperture through which tympanic nerve passes through into tympanic cavity.
Tympanic canaliculus
What tract ends with climbing fibrer
Olivocerebellar tract.
What tract ends with mossy fibrers?
alla utom olivocerebellar
Which nerve innervates the stapedius muscle?
stapedial nerve from facial
Spinothalamic tract ends in Which nuclei of thalamus
VPL (and inter
Where is the first neuron parikaryon in gustatory tract.
Which are the cranial nerves involved in it.
geniculate ggl (terminates in solitary nucleus of brainstem)
Facial (VII) - anterior 2/3s of tongue
Glossopharyngeal (IX) - posterior 1/3 of tongue and oral pharynx
Vagus (X) - larynx, posterior pharynx and epiglottis.
visceromotor nuclus of occulomotor?
Edinger westphal nucleus
Which ganglion innv Nasal gland?
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
3rd neuron of visual pathway?
ganglion cells
the neurons of visual pathway
1= rods and cones, 2= bipolar nuclei in retina, 3=ganglion cells—> sup colliculus —> lateral geniculate body.
Which pathway for lateral lemniscus?
Auditory
What type of neuron in geniculate ganglion?
Pseudiunipolarr bcs its a sensory ggl
which nerve does the geniculate ganglion belong to?
sensory nucleus of fascial nerve located in internal acoustic meatus
Motor nucleus of facial: where is it located ?
- in ventrolateral column (in pons by pontomedullary border)
hat is afferentation of the cornea blinking reflex?
Long ciliary nerve branch of V2
Which is the Parasympathatic nucleus innervating sublingual gland?
Superior salivatory
Which ganglion is passed to innervate the parorid gland?
Otic
What is the function of medial rectus muscle?
Adduction
Receptor in monosynaptic/ redraw reflex?
muscle spindle, Goli tendon
What kind of neutron in the ganglion of redraw reflex ?
Pseudo unipolar in dorsal ganglion (
effector neutron of redraw reflex in spinal cord?
Alpha
which segment of spinal cord has parasympathetic fibers?
cervical and sacral.
which segment of spinal cord has sympathetic fibers?
Thoracic och lumbar
which are the prevertebral ganglia
-superior mesenteric
-Inferior mesenteric
-ciliary trunk
they give parasympathetic to viscera.
prevertebral ggl?
= sympathetic trunk give sympathetic
second order neuron of gustatory tract?
ipsilateral VPM nucleus in the thalamus (it does not decussate)
