past paper questions Flashcards
Sports that involved cruelty to animals became less popular in post 1850 industrial Britain.
Examine reasons for this.
RSPCA
Police force
Urbanisation
New laws / Acts of Parliament
More civilised society
Give ways in which the development of the railways affected competitive sport in post 1850 industrial Britain.
Fixtures
Formal competition
Internationals
Standard of play
Rationalisation of sports (standardised rules)
Spectators
Give two strategies which might be used to prevent an elite athlete dropping out of their development programme.
Identify problems (potential stressors or difficulties)
Performance Lifestyle Advice
Media (strategies for dealing with media)
Medical (Physio)
Training changes
Psychological support (stress management)
Give different causes of player violence.
Frustration
Provocation / retaliation
Nature of sport
Performance enhancing drugs
Rivalry
Win at all costs
Give ways in which schools and sports clubs work together to develop elite performers
Coaching
Facilities / equipment
Talent identification
Competitions
Compare the characteristics of mob football and real tennis.
Real tennis - Many rules /complex, Written rules, Civilized / not violent, Purpose built facilities, Specialist equipment, Regular fixtures, limited ppts, could be regional, upper class and skilled ppts,
How did education/literacy contribute to the decline of Mob football in 1850 as a pastime?
Improved education for lower classes meant they could write / read rules / understand more complex modern sports
How did law and order contribute to the decline of Mob football in 1850 as a pastime?
Changes in law and order meant violence less tolerated / society more civilized
Police forces more widespread / arrests made for unruly behaviour
How did availability of time contribute to the decline of Mob football in 1850 as a pastime?
No time to play, most lower class worked in factories, long days, 6 days per week
Factory owners required reliable work force so traditional holidays when mob games were played not given
The 1980 (Moscow) Olympic Games was politically exploited
Games were boycotted by USA / many Western Nations because USSR had invaded Afghanistan
The the 1984 (Los Angeles) Olympic Games was politically exploited
Games were boycotted by Eastern bloc / communist nations because of Over commercialisation / lack of security as revenge for the boycott of the Moscow games
Evaluate the effect of the differences in prize money shown in Fig. 6.2 on women’s
participation in sport.
Sports with higher (proportions of) prize money may have higher participation rates
Sports with higher (proportions of) prize money may provide more role models which increase participation.
Sports with higher (proportions of) prize money may receive more media coverage / exposure encouraging participation
Sports with higher (proportions of) prize money may attract the
most talented performers
In 2018 football and athletics awarded very different proportions of prize money to women.
Suggest social and cultural reasons for this difference
Social
acceptability
Spectatorism
There were less high profile performers in women’s football than athletics
Media coverage
Women’s standards were higher in athletics than football.
Women had fewer opportunities in football than athletics.
Explain how a sport of your choice has become globalised.
Free movement of
competitors
Free movement of
spectators
Worldwide media coverage
Worldwide marketing (E.G. clothes and merchandise)
‘Lifting the rules on doping and allowing athletes to use performance enhancing drugs…’ Evaluate this as a solution to the problem of performance enhancing drug use in sport.
+Makes competition fairer
Saves money
Redirects expertise
Higher standards -Increased income
+Better reputations
-Health risks
Unfair (access to PEDs)
Pressure
Poor role modelling
Records meaningless
Reduced public interest
Reduction in revenue
What makes up the golden triangle of commercialisation?
Sport
Media
Sponsorship
Compare the television coverage of sport in 1980 with that of today.
1980s:
Less sport broadcast
Less live coverage
Few channels, no sport
specific channels, real
time broadcast only
All channels free to air
Very little women’s sport
covered
No / very few female
commentators / presenters
Limited camera angles, no
TV officials, only basic
slow motion replay
Critically assess the impact of twenty-first century media coverage on elite sports performers.
+Raised profile
Income
Opportunities /
rewards
+Time to train due to income
-Intrusion into private life
Pressure to succeed
Sponsors may take over control of athlete’s time and career
pathway.
Explain one benefit that new technology has on Elite Performance
Equipment / clothing
Injury treatment /
prevention
Training aids
Surfaces (for facilities)
Paralympic aids
Explain one benefit that new technology has on general participation
Mass Production
Accessibility
Increased opportunity
Increased motivation
Increased safety
Explain one benefit that new technology has on Fair Outcomes
Video officiating
Measures to prevent PED use
Officiating equipment
Explain one benefit that new technology has on Entertainment
Electronic punditry
Giant Screens
Multiple cameras
Video Officiating
