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Bioethics > Past 2/2 > Flashcards

Past 2/2 Flashcards

1
Q

In the practice, it is not possible to produce germ-free colony from this species:

Rat
Duck
Golden hamster
Rabbit

A 
❌ Duck
Correct:
✓ Rat
✓ Golden hamster 
✓ Rabbit
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2
Q

Which would be the best feeding regime in an experiment?

A

Ad libitum

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3
Q

What is well-being?

A

State of physiological and psychological harmony of the animal with its internal and external environment

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4
Q

Which vein can be used for IV injection on ferret?

A

Jugular vein

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5
Q

How would you restrain a rabbit?

A

By grabbing as much skin as possible on back

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6
Q

You cannot use this method for euthanasia on new-born, nest-living animals:

CO2 inhalation
Cutting the neck
Cervical dislocation
Electric stunning

A

❌ CO2 inhalation Correct:
✓ Cutting the neck
✓ Cervical dislocation ✓ Electric stunning

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7
Q

Which method would you use you get 10mL of blood from an adult rat?

A

Preparation of abdominal aorta

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8
Q

Which mouse strain is sensitive to Pneumocystis carini?

A

Swiss

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9
Q

Which is not necessary before transport of rodent?

Clinical examination
Fasting
Ear printing
Acclimatisation

A 
❌ Fasting
Correct:
✓ Clinical examination 
✓ Ear printing
✓ Acclimatisation
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10
Q

When this phenomenon disappears, the narcosis ends with death:

A

Cornea reflex

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11
Q

It is not true about euthanasia:

Should achieve rapid unconciseness and death

Should be safe for user

Should be simple to administer

Should be cheap

A 
❌ Should be cheap
Correct:
✓ Should achieve rapid unconciseness and death 
✓ Should be safe for user
✓ Should be simple to administer
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12
Q

One is not true about the co-isogenic strains:

The new gene is the product of natural maturation

The name contains the strain/sub-strain and the symbol of the mutant gene

It can only be maintained in a homozygous form

The co-isogenic strain only differs by only one gene from the original one

A

❌ It can only be maintained in a homozygous form
Correct:
✓ The new gene is the product of natural maturation
✓ The name contains the strain/sub-strain and the symbol of the mutant gene
✓ The co-isogenic strain only differs by only one gene from the original one

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13
Q

Dog is not a good model for:

Tumour-cancer research
Leptospirosis
Epilepsy
Cardiovascular atherosclerosis

A 
❌ Cardiovascular atherosclerosis 
Correct:
✓ Tumour-cancer research
✓ Leptospirosis
✓ Epilepsy
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14
Q

Mini-pig has a live weight of:

A

20-45 kg

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15
Q

Experimental design cannot be:

Cross-over design
Latin square design
Factorial design
Cross-breeding

A

❌ Cross-breeding Correct:
✓ Cross-over design
✓ Latin square design
✓ Factorial design

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16
Q

The basal circadian rhythm is:

A

Dependent from the gen expression of a protein

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17
Q

Melatonin is produced by:

A

Pineal gland

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18
Q

This species mostly used in viral respiratory research:

A

Ferrets

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19
Q

A chronic stress can cause this type of behaviour:

A

Apathy / Aggression

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20
Q

Well-being cannot be measured by: (more than one correct answer)

Clinical assessment
Physiological parameters
Grimace score
Reproductive state

??

A

Clinical assessment
Physiological parameters
Grimace score
?Reproductive state

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21
Q

Which environment is good for animals?

A

Classical music

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22
Q

Which tissue is the least sensitive to suffering?

A

Brain tissue

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23
Q

The naked mole rat has an extra=ordinary long life-span because of: (multiple choice)

A

Special hyaluronan which prevent cancer

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24
Q

The co-efficient on inbreeding (F): (multiple choice)

A

Means the fraction of the genes that get fixed in a homozygous state

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25
Q

It is inherited disease of some mouse strains:

A

Deafness

26
Q

Which is a member of Pox viridae?

A

Ectomelia virus

27
Q

Ringtail is caused by:

A

Too low relative humidity

28
Q

Not part of refinement of animal experimentation:

Health status
Hair colour
Analgesia
Environmental enrichment

A 
❌ Hair colour
Correct:
✓ Health status
✓ Analgesia
✓ Environmental enrichment
29
Q

The hearing range of rodents:

A

0.5/1 - 100/120kHz

30
Q

Which species has 1 pair teats?

A

Guinea pig

31
Q

Which species has a ‘peg’ (double incisors) teeth?

A

Rabbit

32
Q

The two important words for animals concerning the pain feeling (Weiss-trail):

A

Predictability and controllability

33
Q

Mouse pox is:

A

Caused by Ectomelia

34
Q

It is not a physical euthanasia method:

Cooling in refrigerator
T61
Cervical dislocation
Decapacitation

A

❌ Cooling in refrigerator Correct:
✓ T61
✓ Cervical dislocation
✓ Decapacitation

35
Q

The African clawed for (Xenopus):

A

Shows mating behaviour after Hcg injection

36
Q

The axolotl is not:

Carnivorous

Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis

Capable of regenerating lost limbs completely

Has a ling lifespan (8-10 years)

A

❌ Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis

Correct:
✓ Carnivorous
✓ Capable of regenerating lost limbs completely
✓ Has a ling lifespan (8-10 years)

37
Q

Laboratory animals – except the guinea pig – usually adjust their feed intake to satisfy their:

A

Energy requirement

38
Q

Which species can die after oral antibiotic treatment?

A

Guinea pig and rabbit

39
Q

The role of PPAR is to:

A

Burn fats

40
Q

One of the following has no anti-cancer effect:

Resveratrol
CLA
Iron
Green tea

A 
❌ Iron 
Correct:
✓ Resveratrol
✓ CLA
✓ Green tea
41
Q

One of them is an important mechanism of epigenomics:

A

Methylation of DNA

42
Q

Zebrafish has a life-span of __year:

A

6-8

3-5 years according to internet

43
Q

One of them has no role in epigenomics:

Change of base in DNA
Sulfurization
DNA-methylation
Histon acetylation

A

❌ Change of base in DNA Correct:
✓ Sulfurization
✓ DNA-methylation
✓ Histon acetylation

44
Q

The role of __ is a fine regulation of the protein synthesis in the cell:

A

miRNA / siRNA

45
Q

In some cases the epigenetic changes may be inherited:

A

If the effect(s) acts during the germ-cell proliferation (‘time window’)

46
Q

You can find neoteny at:

A

Axolotl

47
Q

Pheromones are detected by:

A

VNO

48
Q

One is true about the ferret:

A

We can prevent the constant estrus by using GnRH agonist implants

49
Q

The cephalopods:

A

Are under the protection of the 2010/63/EU Directive since 2013

50
Q

Always consider using F1 hybrid because:

A

Neither their biological response is more variable than the parental strains nor their biological response is more uniform than the parental strains.

51
Q

One of the statements is true:

A

Animals in an outbred stock are anisogenic

52
Q

A chromorhnydachyrrhea:

A

Vitamin A deficiency

53
Q

It can go through the uteral wall: (2 right answers)

A

Mouse mammary tumour

LCM

54
Q

Carbohydrate ingestion:

Stimulate the fatty acid

A

synthase gene expression

55
Q

May increase the mitochondria number:

A

Resveratrol

56
Q

The most used model for drug metabolism study for humans:

A

Macaco

57
Q

Describe the naked mole rat as an animal model.

A
  • Have a gene which conserves collagen.
  • Do not age.
  • Do not get tumours.
  • Life-span of 20-30 years.
  • Complex social system and hierarchy.
  • Best model for aging and cancer studies.
58
Q

Explain the pain scoring system for Glires.

Describe the evaluation of the Glires pain categories.

A
  • 0 points = None
  • 1point=Mild
  • 2 points = Moderate
  • 3 points = Severe
  • Based on appearance, behaviour, pulse, appetite/drinking, cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous
    systems.
  • 0-4 = Normal
  • 5-9 = Needs analgesia
  • 10-14 = Moderate pain, possible need to terminate trial
  • 15-20 = Not physiological, stop experiment!
59
Q

Explain the epigenetics’ mechanism of action.

A
  • Modifications e.g. Methylation, histone acetylation, which protect DNA and modify which genes are expressed or silenced.
  • Do not change the genome itself
  • May be inherited
  • Influenced by outside stimuli e.g. nutritional status
60
Q

Give the meaning of the pyramid conception with examples. Shortly describe the pyramid conception, with examples.

A
  • Computer – Synthetize compounds
  • Bacteria – Test for teratogenicity
  • Cell culture – Eliminate harmful compounds - Invertebrates
  • Fish
  • Mammals
  • Non-human primates
  • Humans (can be more steps in between)
61
Q

Pain

A
  • definition
  • diagram of painful effect
  • physiology of pain: homeostatic mechanism (maintain homeostasis by feeling pain)
  • concept of umwelt (how an induvidual sees all its own unique meaningful aspects of its surroundings)
  • measurement, eg. Sonogram of a hungry chick
  • rat trials of weiss: predictebility and controlability (coping with stress)
  • corticothalamic “blunting” (decr pain)

Bioethics (2 decks)

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