Past 2/2 Flashcards
In the practice, it is not possible to produce germ-free colony from this species:
Rat
Duck
Golden hamster
Rabbit
❌ Duck Correct: ✓ Rat ✓ Golden hamster ✓ Rabbit
Which would be the best feeding regime in an experiment?
Ad libitum
What is well-being?
State of physiological and psychological harmony of the animal with its internal and external environment
Which vein can be used for IV injection on ferret?
Jugular vein
How would you restrain a rabbit?
By grabbing as much skin as possible on back
You cannot use this method for euthanasia on new-born, nest-living animals:
CO2 inhalation
Cutting the neck
Cervical dislocation
Electric stunning
❌ CO2 inhalation Correct:
✓ Cutting the neck
✓ Cervical dislocation ✓ Electric stunning
Which method would you use you get 10mL of blood from an adult rat?
Preparation of abdominal aorta
Which mouse strain is sensitive to Pneumocystis carini?
Swiss
Which is not necessary before transport of rodent?
Clinical examination
Fasting
Ear printing
Acclimatisation
❌ Fasting Correct: ✓ Clinical examination ✓ Ear printing ✓ Acclimatisation
When this phenomenon disappears, the narcosis ends with death:
Cornea reflex
It is not true about euthanasia:
Should achieve rapid unconciseness and death
Should be safe for user
Should be simple to administer
Should be cheap
❌ Should be cheap Correct: ✓ Should achieve rapid unconciseness and death ✓ Should be safe for user ✓ Should be simple to administer
One is not true about the co-isogenic strains:
The new gene is the product of natural maturation
The name contains the strain/sub-strain and the symbol of the mutant gene
It can only be maintained in a homozygous form
The co-isogenic strain only differs by only one gene from the original one
❌ It can only be maintained in a homozygous form
Correct:
✓ The new gene is the product of natural maturation
✓ The name contains the strain/sub-strain and the symbol of the mutant gene
✓ The co-isogenic strain only differs by only one gene from the original one
Dog is not a good model for:
Tumour-cancer research
Leptospirosis
Epilepsy
Cardiovascular atherosclerosis
❌ Cardiovascular atherosclerosis Correct: ✓ Tumour-cancer research ✓ Leptospirosis ✓ Epilepsy
Mini-pig has a live weight of:
20-45 kg
Experimental design cannot be:
Cross-over design
Latin square design
Factorial design
Cross-breeding
❌ Cross-breeding Correct:
✓ Cross-over design
✓ Latin square design
✓ Factorial design
The basal circadian rhythm is:
Dependent from the gen expression of a protein
Melatonin is produced by:
Pineal gland
This species mostly used in viral respiratory research:
Ferrets
A chronic stress can cause this type of behaviour:
Apathy / Aggression
Well-being cannot be measured by: (more than one correct answer)
Clinical assessment
Physiological parameters
Grimace score
Reproductive state
??
Clinical assessment
Physiological parameters
Grimace score
?Reproductive state
Which environment is good for animals?
Classical music
Which tissue is the least sensitive to suffering?
Brain tissue
The naked mole rat has an extra=ordinary long life-span because of: (multiple choice)
Special hyaluronan which prevent cancer
The co-efficient on inbreeding (F): (multiple choice)
Means the fraction of the genes that get fixed in a homozygous state
It is inherited disease of some mouse strains:
Deafness
Which is a member of Pox viridae?
Ectomelia virus
Ringtail is caused by:
Too low relative humidity
Not part of refinement of animal experimentation:
Health status
Hair colour
Analgesia
Environmental enrichment
❌ Hair colour Correct: ✓ Health status ✓ Analgesia ✓ Environmental enrichment
The hearing range of rodents:
0.5/1 - 100/120kHz
Which species has 1 pair teats?
Guinea pig
Which species has a ‘peg’ (double incisors) teeth?
Rabbit
The two important words for animals concerning the pain feeling (Weiss-trail):
Predictability and controllability
Mouse pox is:
Caused by Ectomelia
It is not a physical euthanasia method:
Cooling in refrigerator
T61
Cervical dislocation
Decapacitation
❌ Cooling in refrigerator Correct:
✓ T61
✓ Cervical dislocation
✓ Decapacitation
The African clawed for (Xenopus):
Shows mating behaviour after Hcg injection
The axolotl is not:
Carnivorous
Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis
Capable of regenerating lost limbs completely
Has a ling lifespan (8-10 years)
❌ Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis
Correct:
✓ Carnivorous
✓ Capable of regenerating lost limbs completely
✓ Has a ling lifespan (8-10 years)
Laboratory animals – except the guinea pig – usually adjust their feed intake to satisfy their:
Energy requirement
Which species can die after oral antibiotic treatment?
Guinea pig and rabbit
The role of PPAR is to:
Burn fats
One of the following has no anti-cancer effect:
Resveratrol
CLA
Iron
Green tea
❌ Iron Correct: ✓ Resveratrol ✓ CLA ✓ Green tea
One of them is an important mechanism of epigenomics:
Methylation of DNA
Zebrafish has a life-span of __year:
6-8
3-5 years according to internet
One of them has no role in epigenomics:
Change of base in DNA
Sulfurization
DNA-methylation
Histon acetylation
❌ Change of base in DNA Correct:
✓ Sulfurization
✓ DNA-methylation
✓ Histon acetylation
The role of __ is a fine regulation of the protein synthesis in the cell:
miRNA / siRNA
In some cases the epigenetic changes may be inherited:
If the effect(s) acts during the germ-cell proliferation (‘time window’)
You can find neoteny at:
Axolotl
Pheromones are detected by:
VNO
One is true about the ferret:
We can prevent the constant estrus by using GnRH agonist implants
The cephalopods:
Are under the protection of the 2010/63/EU Directive since 2013
Always consider using F1 hybrid because:
Neither their biological response is more variable than the parental strains nor their biological response is more uniform than the parental strains.
One of the statements is true:
Animals in an outbred stock are anisogenic
A chromorhnydachyrrhea:
Vitamin A deficiency
It can go through the uteral wall: (2 right answers)
Mouse mammary tumour
LCM
Carbohydrate ingestion:
Stimulate the fatty acid
synthase gene expression
May increase the mitochondria number:
Resveratrol
The most used model for drug metabolism study for humans:
Macaco
Describe the naked mole rat as an animal model.
- Have a gene which conserves collagen.
- Do not age.
- Do not get tumours.
- Life-span of 20-30 years.
- Complex social system and hierarchy.
- Best model for aging and cancer studies.
Explain the pain scoring system for Glires.
Describe the evaluation of the Glires pain categories.
- 0 points = None
- 1point=Mild
- 2 points = Moderate
- 3 points = Severe
- Based on appearance, behaviour, pulse, appetite/drinking, cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous
systems. - 0-4 = Normal
- 5-9 = Needs analgesia
- 10-14 = Moderate pain, possible need to terminate trial
- 15-20 = Not physiological, stop experiment!
Explain the epigenetics’ mechanism of action.
- Modifications e.g. Methylation, histone acetylation, which protect DNA and modify which genes are expressed or silenced.
- Do not change the genome itself
- May be inherited
- Influenced by outside stimuli e.g. nutritional status
Give the meaning of the pyramid conception with examples. Shortly describe the pyramid conception, with examples.
- Computer – Synthetize compounds
- Bacteria – Test for teratogenicity
- Cell culture – Eliminate harmful compounds - Invertebrates
- Fish
- Mammals
- Non-human primates
- Humans (can be more steps in between)
Pain
- definition
- diagram of painful effect
- physiology of pain: homeostatic mechanism (maintain homeostasis by feeling pain)
- concept of umwelt (how an induvidual sees all its own unique meaningful aspects of its surroundings)
- measurement, eg. Sonogram of a hungry chick
- rat trials of weiss: predictebility and controlability (coping with stress)
- corticothalamic “blunting” (decr pain)
