Passsmedicine - 3

Question 1

what is a risk factor for Charles-bonnet syndrome?

Answer 1

peripheral visual impairment

Question 2

by persistent or recurrent complex hallucinations (usually visual or auditory), occurring in clear consciousness.

Answer 2

Charles-bonnet syndrome

Question 3

types of visual hallucinations in CBS?

Answer 3

faces, children and wild animals

Question 4

what are the risk factors for CBS? (5)

Answer 4

Advanced age
Peripheral visual impairment
Social isolation
Sensory deprivation
Early cognitive impairment

Question 5

what are common ophthalmological conditions associated with CBS?

Answer 5

macular degeneration
glaucoma
cataract

Question 6

when tyramine containing foods (e.g. cheese) are taken alongside MAO-i

Answer 6

hypertensive crisis can occur

Question 7

what score is used to assess depressed patient?

Answer 7

PHQ-9

Question 8

what type of amnesia is associated with benzodiazepiness/

Answer 8

anterograde amnesia

Question 9

what is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 9

memory recall and creation go new memories is significantly impaired

Question 10

benzodiazepines should be only prescribed for?

Answer 10

2-4 weeks

Question 11

If patients withdraw too quickly from benzodiazepines they may experience

Answer 11

benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome

Question 12

up to how long after stopping the drug can you experience benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome?

Answer 12

3 weeks

Question 13

what are the features of benzodiazepine syndrome? (9)

Answer 13

insomnia
irritability
anxiety
tremor
loss of appetite
tinnitus
perspiration
perceptual disturbances
seizures

Question 14

what is the most common endocrine disorder developing as a result of chronic lithium toxicity?

Answer 14

hypothyroidism

Question 15

when does lithium toxicity occur leading to hypothyroidism?

Answer 15

6 and 18 months after initiation of treatment

Question 16

Sleep disturbance, stress triggers and normal mini-mental test score with global memory loss suggests

Answer 16

depression rather than dementia

Question 17

antisocial personality disorders more often affect

Answer 17

men

Question 18

clozapine reduces ———- threshold making ———- more likely

Answer 18

seizure

Question 19

anorexia can cause ———— in some individuals?

Answer 19

hypothyroidism

Question 20

what is the SSRI of choice in children and adolescents?

Answer 20

fluoxetine

Question 21

transient paralysis of skeletal muscles which occurs when awakening from sleep or less often while falling asleep.

Answer 21

sleep paralysis

Question 22

sleep paralysis occurs as a natural part of?

Answer 22

REM sleep

Question 23

what are the features of sleep paralysis?

Answer 23

paralysis - this occurs after waking up or shortly before falling asleep
hallucinations - images or speaking that appear during the paralysis

Question 24

what is the management of sleep paralysis?

Answer 24

clonazepam

Question 25

what are the side-effects of clozapine? (6)

Answer 25

weight gain
excessive salivation
agranulocytosis
neutropenia
myocarditis
arrhythmias