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Opthalmology > PassMedicine > Flashcards

PassMedicine Flashcards

1
Q

what drug group commonly causes cataracts

A

corticosteroids

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2
Q

Sensorineural deafness, congenital cataracts, patent ductus arteriosus, purpuric skin lesions and ‘salt and pepper’ chorioretinitis

A

rubella

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3
Q

what causes rubella

A

togavirus

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4
Q

what are features of congenital rubella syndrome

A

sensorineural deafness
congenital cataracts + heart disease (PDA)
hepatosplenomegaly
‘salt and pepper’ chorioretinitis

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5
Q

how is congenital rubella syndrome diagnosed

A

IgM antibodies to togavirus

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6
Q

Infantile cataracts. No hepatic involvement are most characteristic of which type of inherited metabolic disorder?

A

galactokinase deficiency

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7
Q

what are features of classic galactosemia

A

failure to thrive
infantile cataracts
hepatomegaly

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8
Q

what are features of galactokinase deficiency

A

infantile cataracts

no hepatic involvement

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9
Q

A 25-year-old man with muscle weakness is reviewed in clinic. On shaking his hand he has difficultly loosening his grip. On examination he has frontal balding, bilateral ptosis and cataracts

A

myotonic dystrophy

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10
Q

what is the difference in myotonic dystrophy between DM1 and DM2

A

DM1 - distal weakness

DM2 - proximal weakness

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11
Q

A child presents with fever, conjunctivitis and being irritable. He has also developed a maculopapular rash which started behind ears before spreading and becoming blotchy & confluent

A

measles

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12
Q

Fever, malaise, muscular pain

Parotitis (‘earache’, ‘pain on eating’): unilateral initially then becomes bilateral in 70%

A

mumps

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13
Q

A 5-year-old develops fever, pharyngitis and conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

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14
Q

child with fever, conjunctivitis, desquamating rash, cracked lips, strawberry tongue

A

Kawasaki disease

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15
Q

what conditions present with a strawberry tongue

A

scarlet fever

kawasaki disease

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16
Q

what distinguishes scarlet fever and kawasaki disease

A

kawasaki has conjunctivitis and cracked lips

17
Q

STI –> arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis

A

Reactive arthritis (reiters)

18
Q

what is reiters syndrome

A

triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis

“can’t see, pee, or climb a tree”

19
Q

Child with fever, conjunctivitis, white spots on buccal mucosa, rash starting behind ears

A

measles

20
Q

what groups of drugs is glaucoma commonly associated with

A

corticosteroids

21
Q

what eye conditions can corticosteroids cause

A

cataracts

glaucoma

22
Q

what are the three main groups of drugs used to manage open-angle glaucoma

A

prostaglandin analogues
BB
sympathomimetics

23
Q

an example of a prostaglandin analogue

A

latanoprost

24
Q

MOA of prostaglandin analogues in glaucoma

A

mimics a prostaglandin and increases uveoscleral outflow decreasing intra-ocular pressure

25
Q

MOA of BB in glaucoma

A

reduces aqueous production

26
Q

MOA of sympathomimetics

A

an A2 adrenoreceptor agonist which reduces aqueous production and increases outflow

27
Q

an elderly patient with a history of chronic glaucoma and hypertension presents with a sudden painless loss of vision in one eye. Fundoscopy reveals multiple flame-shaped haemorrhages and optic disc oedema

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

28
Q

an elderly man presents an acute, painful red eye associated with decreased visual acuity. His symptoms are worse in the dark. On examination he has a semi-dilated non-reacting pupil

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

29
Q

an elderly patient with a history of hypertension and glaucoma presents with decreasing visual acuity and peripheral visual field loss. Fundoscopy reveals optic disc cupping

A

Primary open-angle glaucoma

30
Q

MOA of pilocarpine

A

muscarinic receptor agonist

31
Q

a young man presents with an acute, painful red eye associated with photophobia and blurred vision. On examination the pupil is small and irregular

A

anterior uveitis

32
Q

anterior uveitis is commonly seen with which condition

A

behcets syndrome

33
Q

what is behcets triad

A

oral ulcers
genital ulcers
anterior uveitis

34
Q

which chromosome encodes HLA antigens

A

chromosome 6

35
Q

what is HLA-A3 associated with

A

haemochromatosis

36
Q

what is HLA-B5 associated with

A

Behcets disease

37
Q

what is HLA-B27 associated with

A

ankylosing spondylititis
reiters syndrome
acute anterior uveitis

38
Q

what is HLA DQ2/DQ8 associated with

A

coeliacs

39
Q

what is HLA DR4 associated with

A

T1DM

RA

Opthalmology (5 decks)

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