PassMedicine

Question 1

what drug group commonly causes cataracts

Answer 1

corticosteroids

Question 2

Sensorineural deafness, congenital cataracts, patent ductus arteriosus, purpuric skin lesions and ‘salt and pepper’ chorioretinitis

Answer 2

rubella

Question 3

what causes rubella

Answer 3

togavirus

Question 4

what are features of congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 4

sensorineural deafness
congenital cataracts + heart disease (PDA)
hepatosplenomegaly
‘salt and pepper’ chorioretinitis

Question 5

how is congenital rubella syndrome diagnosed

Answer 5

IgM antibodies to togavirus

Question 6

Infantile cataracts. No hepatic involvement are most characteristic of which type of inherited metabolic disorder?

Answer 6

galactokinase deficiency

Question 7

what are features of classic galactosemia

Answer 7

failure to thrive
infantile cataracts
hepatomegaly

Question 8

what are features of galactokinase deficiency

Answer 8

infantile cataracts

no hepatic involvement

Question 9

A 25-year-old man with muscle weakness is reviewed in clinic. On shaking his hand he has difficultly loosening his grip. On examination he has frontal balding, bilateral ptosis and cataracts

Answer 9

myotonic dystrophy

Question 10

what is the difference in myotonic dystrophy between DM1 and DM2

Answer 10

DM1 - distal weakness

DM2 - proximal weakness

Question 11

A child presents with fever, conjunctivitis and being irritable. He has also developed a maculopapular rash which started behind ears before spreading and becoming blotchy & confluent

Answer 11

measles

Question 12

Fever, malaise, muscular pain

Parotitis (‘earache’, ‘pain on eating’): unilateral initially then becomes bilateral in 70%

Answer 12

mumps

Question 13

A 5-year-old develops fever, pharyngitis and conjunctivitis

Answer 13

adenovirus

Question 14

child with fever, conjunctivitis, desquamating rash, cracked lips, strawberry tongue

Answer 14

Kawasaki disease

Question 15

what conditions present with a strawberry tongue

Answer 15

scarlet fever

kawasaki disease

Question 16

what distinguishes scarlet fever and kawasaki disease

Answer 16

kawasaki has conjunctivitis and cracked lips

Question 17

STI –> arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis

Answer 17

Reactive arthritis (reiters)

Question 18

what is reiters syndrome

Answer 18

triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis

“can’t see, pee, or climb a tree”

Question 19

Child with fever, conjunctivitis, white spots on buccal mucosa, rash starting behind ears

Answer 19

measles

Question 20

what groups of drugs is glaucoma commonly associated with

Answer 20

corticosteroids

Question 21

what eye conditions can corticosteroids cause

Answer 21

cataracts

glaucoma

Question 22

what are the three main groups of drugs used to manage open-angle glaucoma

Answer 22

prostaglandin analogues
BB
sympathomimetics

Question 23

an example of a prostaglandin analogue

Answer 23

latanoprost

Question 24

MOA of prostaglandin analogues in glaucoma

Answer 24

mimics a prostaglandin and increases uveoscleral outflow decreasing intra-ocular pressure

Question 25

MOA of BB in glaucoma

Answer 25

reduces aqueous production

Question 26

MOA of sympathomimetics

Answer 26

an A2 adrenoreceptor agonist which reduces aqueous production and increases outflow

Question 27

an elderly patient with a history of chronic glaucoma and hypertension presents with a sudden painless loss of vision in one eye. Fundoscopy reveals multiple flame-shaped haemorrhages and optic disc oedema

Answer 27

Central retinal vein occlusion

Question 28

an elderly man presents an acute, painful red eye associated with decreased visual acuity. His symptoms are worse in the dark. On examination he has a semi-dilated non-reacting pupil

Answer 28

Acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 29

an elderly patient with a history of hypertension and glaucoma presents with decreasing visual acuity and peripheral visual field loss. Fundoscopy reveals optic disc cupping

Answer 29

Primary open-angle glaucoma

Question 30

MOA of pilocarpine

Answer 30

muscarinic receptor agonist

Question 31

a young man presents with an acute, painful red eye associated with photophobia and blurred vision. On examination the pupil is small and irregular

Answer 31

anterior uveitis

Question 32

anterior uveitis is commonly seen with which condition

Answer 32

behcets syndrome

Question 33

what is behcets triad

Answer 33

oral ulcers genital ulcers anterior uveitis

Question 34

which chromosome encodes HLA antigens

Answer 34

chromosome 6

Question 35

what is HLA-A3 associated with

Answer 35

haemochromatosis

Question 36

what is HLA-B5 associated with

Answer 36

Behcets disease

Question 37

what is HLA-B27 associated with

Answer 37

ankylosing spondylititis reiters syndrome acute anterior uveitis

Question 38

what is HLA DQ2/DQ8 associated with

Answer 38

coeliacs

Question 39

what is HLA DR4 associated with

Answer 39

T1DM | RA