PassMedicine Flashcards
A 55-year-old woman presents with recurrent episodes of vertigo that are often triggered by a change in head position. Each episode lasts around 10-20 seconds and is associated with nausea
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
what are features of BPPV
vertigo is triggered by a change in head position
vertigo is sudden onset but brief (10-20s)
may be associated with nauseas
what manoeuvre would confirm BPPV
Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre
vertigo and nystagmus would be observed
what would treat BPPV
Epley manoeuvre
what is associated with episodes of vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss
Menieres disease
a 40-year-old man presents with recurrent episodes of vertigo associated with tinnitus and hearing loss. A feeling of aural fullness often precedes the attacks
Menieres disease
what is associated with ongoing vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss and absent corneal reflex
acoustic neuroma
what are features of menieres disease
recurrent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus and unilateral hearing loss (sensorineural)
a sensation of aural fullness
episodes last minutes to hours (i.e. longer than BPPV)
what are features observed on examination in menieres disease
nystagmus
positive rombergs test
what is recent viral infection, ongoing vertigo and nausea associated with
viral labyrinthitis
how do thyroglossal cysts form
thyroid develops from the floor of the pharynx and descends into the neck during development
it is connected to the tongue by the thyroglossal duct
the thyroglossal duct normal atrophies but it some people it may persist and give rise to a thyroglossal duct cyst
who normally presents with thyroglossal cysts
young people and children
what are features of a thyroglossal cyst
mass in the midline
moves upwards on protrusion of the tongue
painful when infected
what are the characteristic features of acute tonsilliits
pharyngitis, fever, lymphadenopathy
what is the most common cause of tonsillitis
Group A-beta-haemolytic streptococci (GABHS) such as streptococcus pyogenes
