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ENDOCRINE FINALS > Passmed Knowledge > Flashcards

Passmed Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Asymptomatic patients wiith impaired glucose or Hba1c require what

A

Another measurement

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2
Q

What Heam Conditions can give a flase low Hba1C

A

Sickle Cell Anaemia
Hereditary Spherocytosis
G6PD Deficiency
Beta Thallasaemia

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3
Q

What Haem Conditions can give a false high HbA1C

A

Splenectomy
B12/Folate Deficiency
Iron Deficiency Anaemia

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4
Q

Target HBA1C in T2DM

When would this change and to what?

A

<48

<53 in those with a second agent added or in hypoglycaemic drugs

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5
Q

Marker for MODY and management?

A

HNF1 Alpha

Sulfonylurea (Gliclazide)

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6
Q

1st and 2nd line investigations for acromegaly

A

Serum IGF 1

OGTT and growth hormone levels to confirm

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7
Q

Side Effects of Levothyroxine Therapy

A

hyperthyroidism: due to over treatment
reduced bone mineral density
worsening of angina
atrial fibrillation

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8
Q

Unilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia management?

A

Adrenalectomy

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9
Q

Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia Management?

A

Spironolactone

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10
Q

Diabetes Reference Ranges

Fasting Glucose

OGTT

HBA1C

A

Fasting: >7

OGTT or Random GLucose: >11.1

HBA1C: >48

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11
Q

Management of Thyrotoxic Storm

A

B-Blockers
Propylthiouracil
Hydrocortisone

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12
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for HHS

A

Hypovolaemia
Hyperglycaemia
Serum osmolality >320

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13
Q

What are the T1DM autoantibodies

A

Anti-GAD
ICA
IAA
IA-2A

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14
Q

Management of Myxoedemic Coma

A

IV thyroxine and Hydrocortisone

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15
Q

When PTH is high then what is Low

A

Phosphate

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16
Q

Hashimotos Thyroiditis Triad

A

Hypothyroidisim + Goitre + Anti-TPO

17
Q

What is whipples triad?

What is it used to diagnose

A

Hypoglycaemia symptoms
BM < 2.5
Reversal of symptoms with glucose

Insulinoma

18
Q

DVLA requirements for Surrendering drivers licence?

A

Two episodes of hypoglycaemia in 12 months

19
Q

Management of hypercalcaemia

A

Iv Saline

if Ca >3 then IV bisphosphonates

20
Q

Long term management of post menopausal woman with a fracture

A

Immediately bisphosphonates and Ca supplements

21
Q

Blood Pressure Medication of Choice in T2DM Patients

Does this change if they are afro carribean and what to?

A

Ace Inhibitor

Yes to an ARB

22
Q

How is subclinical hypothyroid managed and what are the parameters for starting treatment

A

Managed with levothyroxine
<65 with symptoms
OR
TSH >10 regardless of age

Otherwise watch and wait and repeat TFT’s in 6 months

23
Q

What causes impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in T1DM

A

Neuropathy of the ANS

24
Q

How to differentiate between pituitary tumour and ectopic tumours in cushings and what is the result

A

CRH test

Pituitary tumour will respond, Ectopic will not

25
Q

Low/High Steroid Effects on BM

A

Low Steroids can cause Hypoglycaemia

high Steroids can cause hyperglycaemia

26
Q

Iodine uptake in graves?

A

Increased homogenous uptake

27
Q

Important side effect of carbimazole

A

Agranulocytosis

28
Q

Iodine uptake in toxic multinodular goitre?

A

Patchy

29
Q

Mechanism of Action for Orlistat?

A

Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitor

30
Q

Values for

Impaired Fasting Glucose

Impaired Glucose Tolerance

A

Impaired Fasting: >6.1

Impaired Glucose Tolerance: > 7.8

31
Q

Metastatic Malignancy can cause addisons yes or no

A

YES

32
Q

Iodine Uptake in Dequervains (Subacute) Thyroiditis

A

Globally Reduced

33
Q

Inheritance pattern of MODY?

A

Autosomal Dominant

34
Q

What effect do thiazide diuretics have on calcium levels

A

Hypercalcaemia

35
Q

How is serum osmolality calculated

A

2 x NA + Glucose + Urea

36
Q

Patients with BPPH cannot be given which neuropathic painkiller?

A

Amitryptiline

37
Q

Name 4 drugs that cause gynaecomastia

A 
Ranitidine
Digoxin
Spironolactone
Isoniazide
Goserelin
38
Q

Name 4 drugs that can cause galactorrhoea?

A

Metoclopramide
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Domperidone

39
Q

What kind of heart defect is assoc with acromegaly?

A

Cardiomyopathy

ENDOCRINE FINALS (11 decks)

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