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PSA > Passmed > Flashcards

Passmed Flashcards

1
Q

2 medications given at night

A

statins

amitriptilline

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2
Q

2 medications given once weekly

A

methotrexate

bisphosophonates

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3
Q

Presentation of Acne Rosaecea

A 
nose, cheeks and forehead
flushing 
telangiectasia are common
later develops into persistent erythema with papules and pustules
rhinophyma
ocular involvement: blepharitis
sunlight may exacerbate symptoms/
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4
Q

Mx of Acne Rosaecea

A

Topical metronidazole for mild

Severe - oxytetracycline

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5
Q

Presentation of Acne subtypes

A

Mild: open/closed comedones without inflammation lesions

Moderate: widespread non inflammation lesions with numerous papules/pustules

Severe: extensive inflammatory lesions including nodules, pitting, scarring

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6
Q

Mx of Acne vulgaris

A

Topical: retinoids, benzoyl peroxide

Oral AB: tetracyclines (doxy) Unless pregnancy/breast feeding or under 12

COCP
Oral isotretinoin - only specialst.

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7
Q

Examples of typical antipsychotics

A

Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine

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8
Q

Examples of atypical

A

Olanzapine
Clozapine
Risperidone

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9
Q

What are side effects of antipsychotics?

A

Anti-muscarininc like blurry vision, urinary retention, constipation
Weight gain
Prolactin
Glucose intolerance
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Reduced seizure threshold (higher with atypical)
prolonged QT esp haloperidol

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10
Q

General advise regarding antipsychotics

A

FBC, U&E, LFT at start and annually. Clozapine is exception 18w

Lipids, weight - start, 3 months and annual

FBG, PRL - start, 6 months, annual

BP - baseline and dose titration
ecg baseline
CVS risk assessment annually

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11
Q

Children Asthma

A 
SABA
SABA + ICS
SABA + ICS + LTRA
SABA + ICS + LABA
MART + SABA
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12
Q

Reducing benzo

A

1/8 of daily dose, reduce every 2w.

Switch its to diazepam equivalent dose and reduce by 2 - 2.5mg every 2-3 weeks.

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13
Q

Drugs to avoid in pregnancy

A

AB: tetracycline, ciproflaxin, chloramphenicol, sulphanimdes

Pysch - lithium, benzo
Aspirin
Carbimazole
Methtrexate
Sulphonylurea
Amiadroone
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14
Q

C.I to the COCP

A 
>35 yrs and smoking >15
aura
VTE
Stroke/IHD
Breast Ca
Immobilization post surgery
uncontrolled HTN
Breastfeeding <6w pp
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15
Q

COCP risks

A

Increases clots, strokes, heart attack

Breast ca and Cervical ca

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16
Q

Common drug doses of analgesia:
Ibuprofen
Codeine
Co-codamol

A

Ibuprofen - 200-500mg TDS
Codeine - 30-60mg QDS
Co-codamol 8/500 2 tablets QDS

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17
Q 
Doses of cardiovascular drugs:
Clopidogrel
Simvastatin
Atenolol
Ramipirl
Bendro
Furosemide
Amlodipine
A 
Clopidogrel 75-300mg OD
Simvastatin - 10-80MG on
Atenolol 25-100MG od
Ramipirl 1.25 -10mg OD
Bendro 2.5mg OD
Furosemide - 20 mg OD 
Amlodipine 5-10mg od
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18
Q

Emergency contraception

A

Levonorgestrestel - 72 hrs
Ulipristal 120
IUD 5 days

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19
Q

Anxiety managmnet

A

Education
Psychotherapy
SSRI - sertraline 1st
2nd SNRI - duloxetine or venlafaxine

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20
Q

Implantable contraceptive advice regarding onset

A

IUD - copper and works straight away.

IUS- Mirena - 7 days.

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21
Q

Lithium monitoring

A

12hrs post dose.
Range 0.4-1

Weekly checks after starting until dose is established then checked blood levels 3monthly

Thyroid ans renal checks 6 monthly

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22
Q

Adverse effects of lithium

A 
N&V
Fine tremor
nephrotoxicity
D.I
Thyroid enlargement
ECG: T wave flattening
weight gain
IHTN
Thyroid and calcium
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23
Q

Adverse effects of retinoids such as isotretinoin

A 
Teratogenic
Dry skin/liips/mouth/eyes
Low mood
Triglycerides
Hair thinning
Nose bleeds
photosensitivity
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24
Q

Interctions of citalopram

A 
NSAIDS
Warfarin
SSRI
Aspirin
Triptans
MAOI
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25
Q

TCA side effects

A 
Drowsy
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Constipation
Urinary retention
WT prolongation
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26
Q

Mx of stress incontinence

A

Pelvic floor

Duloxetine

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27
Q

Mx of urge incontinence

A

Bladder retraining

Oxybutynin

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28
Q

What can be used as VTE prophylaxis?

A

Fondaparinux SC
LMWH like enoxaparin (dose reduced for renal)
UFH - if CKD

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29
Q

Therapeutic drug monitoring for:

Digoxin

A

6hrs post dose

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30
Q

Therapeutic drug monitoring for:

Phenytoin

A

No routine monitoring

Trough level before dose checked if suspect toxicity, non-adherence, adjustment of dose.

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31
Q

Monitoring for statins

A

LFT baseline, 3 + 12 months

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32
Q

ACEI monitoring

A

U&E prior, annual and dose adjustment

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33
Q

Amiodarone monitoring

A

TFT, LFT,U&E, CXR
prior to treatment
TFT, LFT, 6 monthly

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34
Q

Methotrexate monitoring

A

FBC, LFT, U&E - start and weekly till stable then 2-3 monthly

35
Q

Glitazone monitoring

A

LFT before treatment, regularly during treatment

36
Q

Azathiorpine monitoring

A

FBC, LFT before treatment. FBC weekly for the first 4 weeks.

FBC, LFT 3 monthly

37
Q

Lithium Monitoring

A

TFT, U&E prior to
lithium until stable then 3 monthly
TFT, U&E 6 monthly

38
Q

Sodium Valproate Monitoring

A

LFT, FBC before

LFT 6 monthly

39
Q

Drugs impairing glucose tolerance

A 
Thiazide, furosemide
Steroids
Tacrolimus, cyclosporin
Interferon
Nicotinic acid
antipsychotics
40
Q

Drug induced urinary retention

A 
tricyclic antidepressants e.g. amitriptyline
anticholinergics
opioids
NSAIDs
disopyramide
41
Q

Drugs causing lung fibrosis

A

amiodarone
cytotoxic agents: busulphan, bleomycin
anti-rheumatoid drugs: methotrexate, sulfasalazine
nitrofurantoin
ergot-derived dopamine receptor agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide)

42
Q

TB side effects medications

A

R - hep, secretions
I - neuropathy and hep
P - hep, arthralgia, myalgia
E - optic neuritis (VA)

43
Q

When should aspirin not be used?

A

<16 - risk of Reyes, unless Kawasaki

44
Q

S.E of tamoxifen

A

menstrual disturbance
hot flushes
VTE
Endometrial cancer

45
Q

What drugs may worsen heart failure?

A

NSAID
Thiazolid - pioglitazone
verapamil
Flecainide

46
Q

Drugs to avoid in asthma/COPD

A

NSAIDS
BB
Adenosine

47
Q

Mx of opiate OD

A

Naloxone

48
Q

Mx of paracetamol OD

A

<1hr activated charcoal

NAC

49
Q

Mx of benzo overdose

A

Flumazenil

50
Q

TCA overdose

A

IV BICARBONATE

51
Q

Metformin adverse effects

A

GI

Lactic aciddosis

52
Q

Metformin c.i

A

CKD Egfr<30

53
Q

Gentamicin C.I + adverse effects

A

CI = MG

Adverse: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

54
Q

SVT mx

A

Vagal manœuvres - valsalva, carotid sinus massage
Adenosine. - 6, 12, 12 (verapamil if asthma)
Unless asthma

55
Q

ABx for CAP

A

Amoxicillin unless allergic

Doxy

56
Q

Abs for pneumonia with an atypical pathogen

A

Clarithromycin

57
Q

Abx for HAP

A

CO-amoxiclav

58
Q

Mx of impetigo

A

Topical hydrogen peroxide

Oral fluclo or erythromycin if widespread

59
Q

Mx of cellulitis

A

flucloxacillin

60
Q

Azathioprine S.E

A

BM depression
N&V
Pancreatitis
safe in pregnancy

61
Q

C.diff infection mx

A

Metronidazole

62
Q

Drugs increasing potassium

A

ACEI
ARB
Spiro
K sparing

63
Q

Drug decreasing potassium

A

Thiazide

Loop

64
Q

Drugs causing peripheral neuropathy

A

Amiodarone
Isoniazid
Nitro
Metronidazole

65
Q

When should hartmaans not be used?

A

Hyperkalaemia

66
Q

Types of insulin

A

novorapid - insulin aspart
Humalog - insulin lisper

Short acting - actarapid
Long acting - Lantus (Glargine) and determiner )Levemir)

67
Q

Types of laxatives

A

Osmotic - lactulose
Stimulant - SENNA, DOCUSATE, BISACODYL
Bulk forming - methylcellulose
Faecal softener

68
Q

Metoclopromide adverse effects

A

Extrapyramidla
Hyperprolactinaemia
Tardive dyskinesia
Parkinsnism

Avoid in bowel obstruction, good in paralytic ileum

69
Q

Migraine Mx and prophylaxis

A

Mx - triptan

Prophylaxis - propranolol or topiramate

70
Q

Opioid conversion:

Oral morphine to SC morphine

A

Divide by 2

71
Q

Side effects of methotrexate

A

Myelosuppression
Lover cirrhosis
Pneumonitis

72
Q

Side effects of sulfasalzine

A

Rash
oligospermia
Interstitial lung disease

73
Q

Adverse effects of spironolactone

A

Hyperkalaemia

Gynaecomastia

74
Q

Mx of trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

75
Q

What may reduce hypoglycaemic awareness?

A

BB

76
Q

Can warfarin be given in pregnancy?

A

No

77
Q

Drugs to take at night

A

Statin

Amitriptilline

78
Q

What is carbimazole?

A

anti-thyroid

79
Q

What is carbmazepine?

A

anti-epileptic

80
Q

What is chlorphenamine

A

anti histamine

81
Q

What is chlorpromazine?

A

anti psychotic

82
Q

Types of extrapyramidal side effects

A

Acute dystonia
Akithesis
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia

83
Q

What type of drug is amitriptilline?

A

TCA

84
Q

SE of TCA

A 
Common side-effects
drowsiness
dry mouth
blurred vision
constipation
urinary retention
lengthening of QT interval

PSA (4 decks)

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