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PSA > Communicating information > Flashcards

Communicating information Flashcards

1
Q

Allopurinol - starting and ADR

A

Don’t start in an acute attack - wait 2 weeks after

Stop if rash

Interacts with theophilline

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2
Q

Adverse effects of cyclosporin

A 
nephrotoxicity
hepatotoxicity
fluid retention
hypertension
hyperkalaemia
hypertrichosis
gingival hyperplasia
tremor
impaired glucose tolerance
hyperlipidaemia
increased susceptibility to severe infection
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3
Q

Digoxin monitoring

A

not routine - measure 8-12 hours of last dose if worried about toxicity

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4
Q

Signs of digoxin toxicity

A

generally unwell, lethargy, nausea & vomiting, anorexia, confusion, yellow-green vision
arrhythmias (e.g. AV block, bradycardia)
gynaecomastia

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5
Q

gentamicin ADR + contraindications

A

Nephrotoxic and ototoxic

CI in MG

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6
Q

Gentamicin dosing

A 
both peak (1 hour after administration) and trough levels (just before the next dose) are measured
if the trough (pre-dose) level is high the interval between the doses should be increased
if the peak (post-dose) level is high the dose should be decreased
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7
Q

Adverse effects of heparin

A

Bleeding
thrombocytopenia
OP
K+ raised

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8
Q

Heparin OD

A

Protamine sulphate

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9
Q

Types of heparin

A

UFH (standard)

LMWH - enoxaparin, dalteparin,

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10
Q

Comparison of UFH vs LMWH

A

UFH - we monitor APTT and it may be used in CKD - renal failure. Risk of heparin induced thrombocytopenia

LMWH - monitoring is anti Factor Xa - lower risk of HIT. main top line.

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11
Q

Therapeutic range for lithium

A

0.4-1

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12
Q

Signs of toxicity in lithium OD

A 
Tremor - coarse (Fine is normal)
hyperreflexia
confusion
seiuzres
coma
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13
Q

What can macrolides NOT be taken with?

A

Statisn

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14
Q

Examples of macrolides

A

clarithromycin

azithromycin

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15
Q

Adverse effects of macrolides

A 
prolongation of the QT interval
gastrointestinal side-effects are common. Nausea is less common with clarithromycin than erythromycin
cholestatic jaundice: risk may be reduced if erythromycin stearate is used
P450 inhibitor (see below)
azithromycin is associated with hearing loss and tinnitus
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16
Q

SE of metformin

A

lactic acidosis
GI upset
renal failure. Do not take if EGFR <30 or if creatinine is >150

17
Q

Paracetamol OD

A

NAC <1 hr

4 hrs treatment line - unless staggered then take

18
Q

OD benzodiazepine Mx

A

Flumazenil

19
Q

TCA OD

A

Mx IV bicarbonate

treat arrythmia

20
Q

Adverse effects of tamoxifen

A

Menstrual issues
Hot flushes
VTE
Endometrial cancer

21
Q

Lithium OD Mx

A

Saline

22
Q

PDE5 inhibitors example, CI, side effect

A

Sildenafil

CI
nitrates, recent stroke/MI

SE
blue vision 
nasal congestion
flushing
GI 
headache
23
Q

What is amiloride?

A

weak diuretic, usually given with thiazides or loop diuretics as an alternative to potassium supplementation (remember that thiazides and loop diuretics often cause hypokalaemia)

24
Q

Examples of aldosterone antagonists

A

Spiro

25
Q

Mx of ascites

A

Drain

Spiro

26
Q

When to avoid adenosine?

A

COPD/Asthma - give veraparamil

27
Q

Prescribing in epilepsy: avoid

A 
Caution - enzyme inducers
alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
aminophylline, theophylline
bupropion
methylphenidate (used in ADHD)
mefenamic acid
28
Q

What drugs may worsen HF?

A

Thiazolidediones - pioglitazone - fluid retention
Verapamil
NSAID/GC
flecanaide

29
Q

Drugs to avoid in renal failure?

A

ABx - tetracycline + nitrofurantoin
NSAID
lithium
metformin

30
Q

Drugs needing dose adjustment in CKD

A 
most antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin
digoxin, atenolol
methotrexate
sulphonylureas
furosemide
opioids
31
Q

Drugs to avoid in pregnancy

A 
ABx
Quinolone
Tetracycline
Aminoglycoside
Sulphonamide and trimethoprim
ace/arb
Satin
warfarin
sulphonylurea

PSA (4 decks)

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