Passmed

Question 1

What is the order of antihypertensive medication?

Answer 1

Step 1 - ace i if under 55, calcium channel blocker if over 55
Step 2 - combine A + C
Step 3 - add diuretic e.g. indapemide
Step 4 - add further diuretics, or beta blocker

Question 2

How do thiazide diuretics work and what are their side effects?

Answer 2

Thiazide diuretics prevent sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule by blocking the sodium chloride transporter. This prevents water reabsorption. Potassium is lost as a result of more sodium reaching the collecting ducts. Side effects are hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and hypercalcaemia

Question 3

Which genetic condition is associated with coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 3

Turner’s syndrome

Question 4

What kind of ecg changes may you see with pericarditis?

Answer 4

Saddle shaped st elevation

Question 5

What abnormality is a bicuspid aortic valve associated with?

Answer 5

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 6

What drug should be avoided with verapamil and why?

Answer 6

Beta blockers as combined these can cause profound bradycardia