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PT Exam > Passive Care > Flashcards

Passive Care Flashcards

1
Q

Contras to all modalities

A

Hemorrhage
Infection w/ suppuration
Malignancy (except TENs)

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2
Q

Contras to all heating

A 
DM
Encapsulated swellings 
Active TB
Decrease thermal sensations 
Edema 
Abdomen or LB during pregnancy 
Acute conditions
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3
Q

Acute =

A

Up to 72 hrs

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4
Q

Subacute =

A

Swelling limited but debris and discoloration prevents healing

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5
Q

During subacute, ____ in beneficial

A

Pumping

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6
Q

Chronic =

A

2 wks longer than anticipated

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7
Q

Contras to all electrical

A 
Brain 
Eyes 
Heart 
Carotid sinuses 
Pacemaker 
Anesthesia 
Pregnancy LB
Open wounds
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8
Q

PRICES

A 
Protect
Rest
Ice
Compression 
Elevate 
Support
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9
Q

Ultra low frequency causes

A

cellular healing

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10
Q

low frequency causes

A

contraction

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11
Q

medium frequency causes

A

depth

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12
Q

high frequency causes

A

heat

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13
Q

MENS is a _____ frequency

A

ultra low

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14
Q

Low frequency therapies

A 
EMS
High Volt
LVG
Sine
Faradic
Interference (IF & RS)
TENS
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15
Q

Medium frequency therapies

A

IF (4,000)

RS (2,000)

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16
Q

High frequency therapies

A 
Superficial heat (IR and UV)
Deep heat (MWD, SWD, US)
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17
Q

Sine, Faradic, and Interferential waves are all ______ current and the polarity is

A

AC or Biphasic

no polarity

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18
Q

Galvanic and high volt waves are __ current and there __ polarity

A

DC/ Monophasic

there is polarity

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19
Q

Electrothermal

A

micro-vibration that leads to HEAT (Joule’s law)

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20
Q

Electrochemical

A

(ionto and opioids) Iontophoresis is DC current

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21
Q

Electrophysical

A

ions push other molecules around shifting the Na+/K+ pump resulting in contraction (kinetic)

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22
Q

increase frequency

A

deeper penetration

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23
Q

medium frequency

A

decreased skin impedance

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24
Q

if the dispersal pad is too small or active sides are too large

A

it causes a tingle

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25
Q

Duty cycle for exercise/ rehab

A

1:3 or 1:5

a weaker muscle needs more rest (1:5)

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26
Q

surge for exercise/ rehab

A

increased ramp time

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27
Q

duty cycle for fatigue/ spasm

A

1:1 and its pulsed/ tetanizing

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28
Q

Modulation is used to

A

avoid accommodation

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29
Q

Endorphin frequencies

A

1-20

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30
Q

Enkephalin frequencies

A

70-150

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31
Q

What burns the patient

A

Amps

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32
Q

EMG

A

used to test MUSCLE best

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33
Q

NCV

A

used to test NERVE best

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34
Q

Arndt-Schultz principle

A

energy of modality has to be absorbed by the body to stimulate physiological response

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35
Q

Law of Grotthus- Draper

A

inverse relationship between penetration and absorption of energy (Ultra Sound)

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36
Q

CBAN

A

Cold
Burn
Ache
Numb

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37
Q

Hunting-Lewis Reaction

A

not the desired “pumping”… goes from vasodilation to vasoconstriction off and on when iced for too long

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38
Q

Warm treatment temperatures

A

96-99

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39
Q

Hot treatment temperatures

A

99-104

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40
Q

Convection

A

transmission of heat by circulation of heat particles

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41
Q

baths and IR

A

convection

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42
Q

Radiation

A

transmission of heat without the intervening medium getting warm

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43
Q

MWD, IR, UV

A

through lamps, radiation

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44
Q

Conduction

A

transfer heat through a substance

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45
Q

Ice, hydrocollator, paraffin, IR

A

conduction

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46
Q

The only modality that uses conversion

A

ultrasound

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47
Q

Deep heat

A

MWD, SWD

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48
Q

Superficial heat

A

IR, UV, continuous US

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49
Q

modality for spasm

A

heat

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50
Q

modality for spasticity

A

cold

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51
Q

cryotherapy primary effect

A

decreases edema

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52
Q

Indications for cryotherapy

A

headaches (migraines)

spasticity- MFS (trigger points)

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53
Q

Contraindications for cryotherapy

A

chilblains and frostbite
tension headaches
spasm- FM

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54
Q

ice immersion (or bath) is

A

CONVECTION

- all other icing is conduction

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55
Q

how many towel layers need to be used with hydrocollator packs

A

6 layers

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56
Q

Hydrocollator temperature

A

150-170

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57
Q

Paraffin temperature

A

125-130

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58
Q

indications of hydrocollator

A

tension headaches, prior to adjustments, spasm (FibroMyalgia)

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59
Q

Contrast bath

A

convection

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60
Q

Indications for contrast bath

A

raynaud’s, Buerger’s, subacute

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61
Q

Whirlpool bath

A

used for debridement at 100-105 degrees.

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62
Q

SITZ bath

A

2-10 minutes. Temperature is 105-115 so it can burn faster

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63
Q

Paraffin ratio

A

7:1 paraffin to mineral oil

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64
Q

Purpose of mineral oil in paraffin

A

Lower boiling temp

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65
Q

Fluidotherapy is ___ and uses ___

A

Convection

Dry cellulose

66
Q

Indications for fluidotherapy

A

Chronic arthritis
Increase ROM
RSDS/ CRPS
Open wounds

67
Q

Photobiomodulation

A

Intracellular stimulation of mitochondrial activity

68
Q

Photo bio stimulation

A

Wound healing

69
Q

Photobioinhibition

A

Pain management

70
Q

Contra to cold laser

A

Open growth plates ***

Recent scars

71
Q

Irreversible effects of cold laser

A

Protein coagulation

72
Q

Safety for cold laser

A

Both pt and dr wear goggles

73
Q

Action of UV

A

Thermal
Photochemical
Germicidal
Antifungal

74
Q

Results of UV

A

Increase Vit D synthesis

Increase reticulocytes

75
Q

Indications for UV

A

Skin (fungal, wounds, psoriasis)

Bone (rickets, osteomalacia)

76
Q

Contras to UV

A

HIM

Tetracycline

SLE (malar rash)

77
Q

Safety of UV

A

Only pt wears goggles

78
Q

Max UV treatment

A

3 min at 18 in

79
Q

Diathermy safety

A

Unit must be 10 ft away from electrical modality

Treatment must be 4 ft from hearing aids, any metal on pt

80
Q

Indications for SWD

A

Bronchitis
Neuritis
Otitis media

81
Q

Indications for MWD

A

Otitis externa
Best for hip conditions
Neuritis

82
Q

Contras to both diathermy

A

Any metal

83
Q

Longitudinal condensor in SWD used for

A

Biceps/ triceps

84
Q

Coplanar condensor in SWD used for

A

Paraspinals

85
Q

Transverse condensor in SWD used for

A

Joints

86
Q

SWD heats __ first

A

Fat

87
Q

MWD heats __ first

A

Muscles

88
Q

Result of US

A

Micro massage

89
Q

Contra to US

A

Over spinal cord (including laminectomy)
Over epiphyseal growth plates
Bony prominences
Fx

90
Q

Duration of US

A

Acute = 3-5 min

Chronic = 5-10 min

91
Q

Best coupling agent for US

A

Water

92
Q

US distance from skin

A

1 in

93
Q

US measured in

A

W/Cm2

94
Q

Thin skin for US generally means

A

Sacrum
SI
Upper extremity
Knee

95
Q

__ is used when US massage is desired without heat

A

Pulsed

96
Q

Cavitation and shearing are ___ when using US

A

Bad

97
Q

US depth

A

1 MHz = less heat more depth

3 MHz = more heat less depth

98
Q

Is low volt a good contractor?

A

No

99
Q

Is low volt a good electrochemical pusher

A

Yes

100
Q

Anode in LV acts like

A

Ice

101
Q

Cathode in LV acts like

A

Heat

102
Q

Acute positive pole in LV actions

A 
Vasoconstriction 
Acid reaction in skin 
Repel alkaline 
Attract O2
Repel H
Cause ischemia 
Hardens tissue 
Pain relief 
Astringent
103
Q

Positive pole used for __ conditions

A

Acute

104
Q

Negative pole used for __ conditions

A

Chronic

105
Q

Positive pole in LV repels

A

Metals

Mg
Ca
Cu
Zn

106
Q

Negative pole in LV repels

A

Non metals

Salicylate
Acetate

107
Q

High volt used in acute and subacute injuries to

A

Reduce edema, pain, spasms

Reduce muscle atrophy

108
Q

Frequency actions of high volt

A

3-5 edema
15-25 muscle exercise
> 50 fatigue

109
Q

Continuous mode of HV beneficial for

A

Edema
Pain
Neuritis

110
Q

Reciprocal mode of HV limits

A

Accommodation

111
Q

HV modes for acute conditions

A

Continuous

Reciprocal

112
Q

Indications for sine waves

A

Hysterical paralysis
Muscle tension
UMNL with LMN intact

113
Q

Indications for faradic waves

A

Stimulating weak or paralyzed muscles 1:5 duty cycle

Electrodiagnosis (rxn of degeneration)

114
Q

Result of TENS

A

Pain control

Some contraction

115
Q

A beta Nerve

Size:
Speed:
Job:

A

Large
Fastest
Proprio

116
Q

A delta nerve

Size:
Speed:
Job:

A

Small
Fast
Sharp pain

117
Q

C nerve

Size:
Speed:
Job:

A

Small
Slow
Dull pain

118
Q

Primary effect of MENS

A

Tissue healing

119
Q

MENS current ____ electrical flow

A

Reverses

120
Q

MENS causes ___ contraction of muscle

A

Non

121
Q

MENS generally increases things, but the one thing it decreases

A

Prostaglandins and decrease pain

122
Q

MENS pads are over

A

Involved site

123
Q

Result of interferential

A

Deep muscle contraction
Fatigue
Edema reduction
Pain control

124
Q

Sweeping/ sensory of IF bone by

A

Machine

125
Q

Vectoring/ motor of IF

A

Increases treatment area

Done by dr

126
Q

IF

Muscle strengthening duty cycle

A

1 on : 5 off

127
Q

IF

Muscle spasm duty ratio

A

1:1

128
Q

Myofascial dysfunction cause of

A

Neurological irritability

129
Q

Trigger points definition

A

Small regions of metabolic distress caused by combo of increased energy demand and impairment of oxygen and energy supply due to local restriction of circulation

130
Q

Biofeedback used to modulate

A

Autonomic functions

131
Q

Indications for biofeedback

A 
HTN
Migraines 
Stress 
ADD
Incontinence
132
Q

Philadelphia collar used for

A

ER transport

133
Q

Soft foam collar limited

A

Stabilization

134
Q

Milwaukee brace is for the ____ region and used for

A

Thoracolumbosacral

Scoliosis

135
Q

Boston brace used for

A

Juvenile scoliosis

136
Q

Lumbosacral corset used for

A

Spondylolisthesis , L/S disc

137
Q

SI belt/ Williams used for

A

SI dysfunction

138
Q

Intertrochanteric girdle used for

A

Hip lesions

Wider = more successful

139
Q

Cho pat brace used for

A

Chondromalacia patella

140
Q

Parts of gait

A

STANCE

  • heel strike
  • mid stance
  • toe off

SWING

  • acceleration
  • mid swing
  • deceleration
141
Q

Cane should be on what side

A

Opposite involved side

142
Q

Most stable gait

A 
4 pt (both legs weak)
 3 stable points at all times
143
Q

Fastest gait

A

Swing through

144
Q

Crutch fitting rules

A

6” lateral, 2 fingers below axilla, 6” in front of feet

145
Q

Crutch palsy effects what nerve

A

Radial N

146
Q

Effleurage

Method and purpose

A

Stroking

Sedate

147
Q

Petrissage

Method and purpose

A

Deep kneading

Spasm

148
Q

Tapotement

Method and purpose

A

Percussion

Congestion

149
Q

Friction TFM

Method and purpose

A

Deep rubbing POWDER

Adhesion -> lateral epicondylitis

150
Q

Vibration

Method and purpose

A

Shaking

Congestion

151
Q

Deep pressure

Method and purpose

A

Nimmo

Adhesion, trigger points

152
Q

Vibration therapy used for

A

Congestion

153
Q

Result of traction

A

Decrease intra-discal pressure

154
Q

Indications for traction

A

Acute and chronic disc syndromes
Chronic IVF encroachment
DJD
Chronic muscle spasms

155
Q

Contra to traction

A

Protective muscle spasms

156
Q

Cervical traction dosage

A

Min of 10 lbs

Max of 30-50 lbs

157
Q

Position of C traction

A

C3-6 flexion 20-28 degrees

C0-2 natural

158
Q

Dosage of lumbar traction

A

Min of 25%

Max of 50% or 120 lbs

159
Q

Contra to inversion traction

A

High BP
Stoke
DM

160
Q

With over the door C traction, make sure to

A

Face door with 28 degrees of C flexion

161
Q

Hydrotherapy traction may be helpful for

A

Elderly

PT Exam (2 decks)

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