Pass Semester 2 intro

Question 1

Define statistics

Answer 1

The collection, presentation description and analysis of data which are measurable in numerical forms

Question 2

What is the purpose of statistics?

Answer 2

to generalise to/infer things about the population

Question 3

How can statistics be classified?

Answer 3

• Descriptive - describing data
• Inferential - analysing data to get conclusions so that predictions and decisions can be made

Question 4

Epidemiology definition

Answer 4

The study of the distribution and determinants

of health-related states or events (including disease)

in specified populations,

and the application of this study to the control of health problems (including disease)

Question 5

Name the 2 methods of epidemiology

Answer 5

• Surveillance and descriptive studies
• Analytical studies

Question 6

What are analytical studies used to study?

Answer 6

Determinants

Question 7

What are surveillance and descriptive studies used to study?

Answer 7

Distribution

Question 8

What is descriptive epidemiology?

Answer 8

Sampling to infer back to population

Question 9

What is analytical epidemiology?

Answer 9

Selection so you can compare characteristics

Question 10

What is analytic epidemiology concerned with?

Answer 10

• The search for causes and effects
• OR
• The why and the how

Question 11

Describe what happens in surveilance and descriptive epidemiology (3)

Answer 11

• One group studied
• No explicit hypothesis
• Study ends in development of possible hypothesis regarding cause and effect relationship

Question 12

Describe what happens in analytical epidemiology (3)

Answer 12

• 2 or more groups studied for comparison
• Definite hypothesis regarding an exposure possibly causing an outcome
• Reject or accept hypothesis at the end

Question 13

Draw a diagram displaying the options for epidemiological study designs

Answer 13

Question 14

What is evidence based medicine?

Answer 14

Conscientious
Explicit
Judicious
Integrating clinical expertise and evidence

Use of current best evidence to make decisions about the care of individual patients

Question 15

What is involved in evidence based medicine?

Answer 15

Clinical judgement and relevant scientific evidence

Question 16

Definition of public health

Answer 16

Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society

Question 17

3 domains of public health

Answer 17

Health protection (prevent disease)
Health care (prolonging life)
Health improvement (promoting health)

Question 18

Determinants of health

Answer 18

Dahlgren and Whitehead model

age, sex, hereditary factors, lifestyle, social/community, living/working conditions, socioeconomic/cultural

Question 19

Example of cross sectional study

Answer 19

Broad street pump and cholera (John Snow)