Pass medicine questions Flashcards
A continuous machinery murmur over the upper left sternal edge is a sign of what?
Patent ductus arteriosus.
What is ductus arteriosus?
Connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
what should be recorded in all febrile children?
- temperature
- heart rate
- resp rate
- capillary refill time
also
- signs of dehydration (reduced skin turgor, cool extremities)
high risk factors
Colour : pale / mottled / ashen / blue
Activity: weak, high-pitched or continuous cry
Respiratory: grunting, tacypnoea
Circulation and hydration: reduced skin turgor
others:
- age < 3 months, 38 degrees
- non-blanching rash
- bulging fontanelle
- neck stiffness
- focal seizures
pathophysiology of hirschsprung’s disease?
- aganglionic segement of bowel
- developmental failure of parasympathetic auerbach meissner plexuses
- 1 /5000
What disease usually presents with the following
- bilious vomiting
- abdominal distension
- constipation
- failure to pass meconium in first 48hrs
Hirschsprung’s disease
- congenital
- 3x more common in males
precocious puberty in males may be defined as development of secondary sexual characteristics before:
9 years of age
this is 8 years in females
tetralogy of fallot occurs due to
- anterior malalignment of the aorticopulmonary septum
characteristic features of tetralogy of fallot
- ventricular septal defect
- right ventricular hypertrophy
- right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, pulmonary stenosis
- overriding aorta
neonate examination reveals white coloured nodule at roof of mouth.
not interfering with feeding, baby is alert and active
most likely diagnosis?
Epstein’s pearl
- congenital cyst
absent philtrum
smooth, no cupids bow
thin upper lip
consider diagnosis of pneumonia if a child with suspected bronchiolitis has:
- high fever (over 39 degrees)
- persistently focal crackles
Men B vaccine given
2, 4 and 12-13 months
haemophilia
X-linked recessive
affected males can only have unaffected sons and carrier daughters
APGAR score looks at
resp rate
colour
muscle tone
reflex irritability
Ewings sarcoma
primary cancer of bone
typically affecting long bones
presenting with localised pain and swelling
usually unilateral
abrupt onset
rapid progression
dysphagia, drooling, distress (the three D’s)
patients frequently adopt the tripod position
Epiglottitis
patients with epiglottis may adopt tripod position
epiglottitis commonly caused by
haemophilus influenzae type b
mesenteric adenitis
inflamed mesenteric lymph nodes
often preceeded by a viral infection
child with abdominal pain:
he is eating and drinking normally, unlikely in appendicitis
he is passing normal stools, unlikely in constipation
he is not vomiting, unlikely gastroenteritis
he is eating and drinking normally, unlikely in appendicitis
he is passing normal stools, unlikely in constipation
he is not vomiting, unlikely gastroenteritis
slapped-cheek syndrome aka erythema infectiosum
typical presentation of coryza and fever followed by a red rash
infection caused by parvovirus b19
sausage shaped mass in abdomen
intussusception
6 year old with an itchy bottom, otherwise systematically well, developing normally and denies any change in his bowel habit,
external examination of anus is unremarkable
most likely cause
- threadworms
whooping cough is a notifiable disease
whooping cough is a notifiable disease
