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Year 3 - Paediatrics > Pass medicine questions > Flashcards

Pass medicine questions Flashcards

1
Q

A continuous machinery murmur over the upper left sternal edge is a sign of what?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus.

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2
Q

What is ductus arteriosus?

A

Connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta.

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3
Q

what should be recorded in all febrile children?

A
  • temperature
  • heart rate
  • resp rate
  • capillary refill time

also
- signs of dehydration (reduced skin turgor, cool extremities)

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4
Q

high risk factors

A

Colour : pale / mottled / ashen / blue

Activity: weak, high-pitched or continuous cry

Respiratory: grunting, tacypnoea

Circulation and hydration: reduced skin turgor

others:
- age < 3 months, 38 degrees
- non-blanching rash
- bulging fontanelle
- neck stiffness
- focal seizures

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5
Q

pathophysiology of hirschsprung’s disease?

A
  • aganglionic segement of bowel
  • developmental failure of parasympathetic auerbach meissner plexuses
  • 1 /5000
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6
Q

What disease usually presents with the following

  • bilious vomiting
  • abdominal distension
  • constipation
  • failure to pass meconium in first 48hrs
A

Hirschsprung’s disease

  • congenital
  • 3x more common in males
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7
Q

precocious puberty in males may be defined as development of secondary sexual characteristics before:

A

9 years of age

this is 8 years in females

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8
Q

tetralogy of fallot occurs due to

A
  • anterior malalignment of the aorticopulmonary septum
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9
Q

characteristic features of tetralogy of fallot

A
  • ventricular septal defect
  • right ventricular hypertrophy
  • right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, pulmonary stenosis
  • overriding aorta
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10
Q

neonate examination reveals white coloured nodule at roof of mouth.

not interfering with feeding, baby is alert and active

most likely diagnosis?

A

Epstein’s pearl

- congenital cyst

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11
Q

absent philtrum

A

smooth, no cupids bow

thin upper lip

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12
Q

consider diagnosis of pneumonia if a child with suspected bronchiolitis has:

A
  • high fever (over 39 degrees)

- persistently focal crackles

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13
Q

Men B vaccine given

A

2, 4 and 12-13 months

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14
Q

haemophilia

A

X-linked recessive

affected males can only have unaffected sons and carrier daughters

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15
Q

APGAR score looks at

A

resp rate

colour

muscle tone

reflex irritability

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16
Q

Ewings sarcoma

A

primary cancer of bone

typically affecting long bones

presenting with localised pain and swelling

usually unilateral

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17
Q

abrupt onset

rapid progression

dysphagia, drooling, distress (the three D’s)

patients frequently adopt the tripod position

A

Epiglottitis

patients with epiglottis may adopt tripod position

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18
Q

epiglottitis commonly caused by

A

haemophilus influenzae type b

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19
Q

mesenteric adenitis

A

inflamed mesenteric lymph nodes

often preceeded by a viral infection

20
Q

child with abdominal pain:

he is eating and drinking normally, unlikely in appendicitis

he is passing normal stools, unlikely in constipation

he is not vomiting, unlikely gastroenteritis

A

he is eating and drinking normally, unlikely in appendicitis

he is passing normal stools, unlikely in constipation

he is not vomiting, unlikely gastroenteritis

21
Q

slapped-cheek syndrome aka erythema infectiosum

A

typical presentation of coryza and fever followed by a red rash

infection caused by parvovirus b19

22
Q

sausage shaped mass in abdomen

A

intussusception

23
Q

6 year old with an itchy bottom, otherwise systematically well, developing normally and denies any change in his bowel habit,

external examination of anus is unremarkable

most likely cause

A
  • threadworms
24
Q

whooping cough is a notifiable disease

A

whooping cough is a notifiable disease

25
Q

whooping cough caused by

A

bordetella pertussis (gram negative)

26
Q

appropriate management for croup

A
  • single dose of oral dexamethasone to be taken immediately regardless of severity
27
Q

croup

A

characterised by stridor caused by combination of laryngeal oedema and secretions.

28
Q

croup caused by

A

majority of the time by parainfluenza viruses

29
Q

features of croup

A

stridor

barking cough (worse at night)

fever

coryzal symptoms

30
Q

transient synovitis

A

only rest and analgesia required

aka irritable hip

31
Q

A 6-year-old boy presents with an groin pain. He is known to be disruptive in class. He reports that he is bullied for being short. On examination he has an antalgic gait and pain on internal rotation of the right hip.

A

Perthes disease

32
Q

An obese 12-year-old boy is referred with pain in the left knee and hip. On examination he has an antaglic gait and limitation of internal rotation. His knee has normal range of passive and active movement.

A

slipped upper femoral epiphysis

  • commonest in obese adolescent males
  • treatment is usually with rest and non weight bearing crutches
33
Q

risk factors for surfactant deficient lung disease SDLD

A
  • male sex
  • diabetic mothers
  • caesarean section
  • second born premature
  • risk of SDLD decreases with gestation
34
Q

symptoms of epistaxis and bruising point to:

A
  • leukaemia
35
Q

anaemia associated with low platelets, epistaxis, bruising leukaemia

A

acute lymphoblastc leukaemia

36
Q

necrotising entercolitis (NEC)

A
  • common GI issue in premature neonates
  • characterised by inflammation and necrosis of the bowel wall
  • abdominal XRay can show dilated bowel loops, portal venous gas
37
Q

biliary atresia

A
  • congenital disease
  • absence of biliary tree
  • causing cirrhosis
  • typically presents with persistent jaundice and hepatomegaly
38
Q

duodenal atresia

A
  • congenital malformation
  • presents with signs of bowel obstruction
  • e.g. distended abdomen, bilious vomiting and absence of bowel movements
39
Q

classic triad of symptoms for intussusception

A
  • intermittent abdominal pain
  • vomiting
  • right upper quadrant mass
  • children often pull their legs to tummy in pain
  • may be red currant jelly stool
40
Q

a baby is born with microcephaly, small eyes, low set ears, cleft lip and polydactyly

A

Patau syndrome

41
Q

in an infant appropriate places to check for a pulse are the

A

paediatric BLS

  • brachial
  • femoral arteries
42
Q

antalgic gait

A

‘walk funny so it doesnt hurt’

  • ethan throwers answer
43
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting within the first days of life is TGA.

A

Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting within the first days of life is TGA.

44
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting at 1-2 months of age is TOF

A

Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting at 1-2 months of age is TOF

45
Q

pyloric stenosis

A
  • ‘projectile’ vomiting, typically 30 mins after feed
  • constipation and dehydration
  • a palpable mass may be present in the upper abdomen
  • hypochloraemic, hypokaelaemic alkaolosis due to persistent vomiting

Year 3 - Paediatrics (3 decks)

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