Pass medicine 2

Question 1

congenital talipes equinovarus

Answer 1

club foot deformity

Question 2

palivizumab

Answer 2

• monoclonal antibody which is used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus

Question 3

central causes of hypotonia

Answer 3

• Down’s syndrome
• Prader-Willi syndrome
• hypothyroidism
• cerebral palsy

Question 4

risk factors for neonatal sepsis

Answer 4

• low birth weight
• prematurity
• membrane rupture
• current group b strep

Question 5

4 key signs of respiratory distress

Answer 5

• grunting
• nasal flaring
• use of accessory respiratory muscles
• tachypnoea

Question 6

CENTOR score

Answer 6

estimates probability that pharyngitis is streptococcal and suggests management course

Question 7

what investigations are performed on infants younger than 3 months with fever

Answer 7

• full blood count
• blood culture
• c-reactive protein
• urine testing for UTI
• chest radiograph
• stool culture if diarrhoea is present

Question 8

osteochondritis dissecans

Answer 8

• pain after exercise

- intermittent swelling and locking

Question 9

what should be suspected in a well infant with noisy breathing, inspiratory stridor?

Answer 9

• laryngomalacia

Question 10

larygnomalacia is caused by…

Answer 10

congenital softening of the cartilage of the larynx

collapse during inspiration

Question 11

cystic fibrosis is tested via…

Answer 11

• neonatal heel prick

Question 12

healthy range of heart beat for infant

Answer 12

• 100 to 160bpm

notes
- resp rate should be between 30-60 breath

Question 13

what is a cephalohaematoma

Answer 13

swelling on newborns head

typically develops several hours post delivery

bleeding between periosteum and skull

jaundice could be a complication

could take up to 3 months to resolve

Question 14

subaponeurotic haemorrhage

Answer 14

• serious condition
• bleeding un the potential space between the periosteum and subgaleal aponeurosis
• neonate may present with haemorrhagic stroke

Question 15

caput succedaneum

Answer 15

• extraperiosteal collection of blood

- therefore can cross over the suture lines and can be present at birth

Question 16

what organism is responsible for causing scarlet fever

Answer 16

• group A haemolytic streptococci

Question 17

parovirus b19 causes ‘slapped cheek syndrome’

Answer 17

• bright red rash on both cheeks

Question 18

Perthe’s disease

Answer 18

• degenerative condition
• affecting hip joints of children
• due to avascular necrosis of femoral head

Question 19

Barlow and Ortolani tests in early childhood

Answer 19

helps diagnosis developmental dysplasia

Question 20

which viruses commonly cause hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 20

• self limiting condition affecting children

- coxsackie A16 and enterovirus 71

Question 21

clinical features of hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 21

• mild systemic upset: sore throat, fever
• oral ulcers
• followed later by vesicles on the palms and soles of feet

children don’t need to be excluded from school if they feel well

Question 22

coarctation of the aorta murmur

Answer 22

crescendo-decrescendo murmur in upper left sternal border

Question 23

ventricular septal defect murmur

Answer 23

pansystolic murmur in lower left sternal border

Question 24

patent ductus arteriosus murmur

Answer 24

diastolic machinery murmur in the upper left sternal border

Question 25

pulmonary stenosis murmur

Answer 25

ejection systolic murmur

in upper left sternal border

Question 26

alpha thalassaemia is due to..

Answer 26

due to deficiency of alpha chains in haemoglobin