Pass medicine question info Flashcards
Carcinoid syndrome features
flushing (often earliest symptom)
diarrhoea
bronchospasm
hypotension
right heart valvular stenosis (left heart can be affected in bronchial carcinoid)
other molecules such as ACTH and GHRH may also be secreted resulting in, for example, Cushing’s syndrome
pellagra can rarely develop as dietary tryptophan is diverted to serotonin by the tumour
calcium channel blocker SE
dyspepsia exacerbation
Grey Turner’s sign can indicate what?
acute pancreatitis
–> bruising of the flanks
retroperitoneal organs
acronym: SADPUCKER
S = Suprarenal (adrenal) glands. A = Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava. D = Duodenum (second and third segments) P = Pancreas. U = Ureters. C = Colon (ascending and descending only) K = Kidneys. E = Esophagus.
Retroperitoneal haemorrhage can have what sign?
grey turners - bruising from last rib to top of hip
Atrophic gastritis - what is it? what does it lead to?
chronic inflammation of the stomach mucosa
leading to loss of gastric glandular cells –> FIBROSIS
what is malabsoprbed in atrophic gastritis?
B12
What can atrophic gastritis lead to?
pernicious anaemia
fibrosis
how to diagnose atrophic gastritis?
biopsy
Familial adenomatous polyposis have what mutation?
APC gene
what does familial adenomatous polyposis testing show?
colonic adenomas
what organism causes necrotising fascitis?
Streptococcus
what can you hear with auscultating with necrotising fascitis?
crackles
what is urea breath test used for?
h pylori
what is Meckels diverticulum
- congenital
- diverticulum in SI
how to diagnose Meckels diverticulum
scan
barretts oesophagus cell changes
stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
autosomal dominant
hamartomatous polyps
pigmented freckles on the lips, face, palms and soles
what is a whipples procedure
remove the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder and the bile duct
mallory-weiss tear can come from what?
forceful vomiting
palmar erythema from what?
chronic liver disease
spider naive from what
liver disease
high estrogen
pyloric stenosis
2-6 weeks of age projectile vomiting following feeds remain hungry after vomiting olive shaped mass in the right upper quadrant peristalsis
infantile colic
paroxysms of crying - KEY
not so much vomitting
Cows milk protein intolerance
D then V
Galactosaemia
autosomal recessive metabolic conditions
failure to thrive
vomiting - not projectile
how to diagnose pyloric stenosis?
ultrasound
what does a ghon complex on x ray mean?
TB
common cause of diverticula disease
low fibre diet
gilberts
increased unconjugated
increased BR
fotb
faecal occult blood test -evereyone 60-74
then invited for colonoscop
GORD is associated with which cancer?
oesophageal adenocarcinoma
diverticulitis symptoms
diarrhoea
pain in left lian fossa
achlasia
dysphagia of BOTH liquids and solids
typically variation in severity of symptoms
heartburn
regurgitation of food - may lead to cough, aspiration pneumonia etc
malignant change in small number of patients
liver failure triad
encephalopathy, jaundice and coagulopathy
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
common cause of confusion and encephalopathy in alcoholic liver disease patients and is due to a deficiency of thiamine.
pancretic cancer
painless jaundice
pharengeal pouch symptoms
dysphagia regurgitation aspiration neck swelling which gurgles on palpation halitosis
resp distress symptoms
dyspnoea
elevated respiratory rate
bilateral lung crackles
low oxygen saturations
what is pellagra
b3 deficiency
rash, diarrhoea, cognition impair
vegans
beriberi symptoms
Difficulty walking.
Loss of feeling (sensation) in hands and feet.
Loss of muscle function or paralysis of the lower legs.
Mental confusion/speech difficulties.
Pain.
Strange eye movements (nystagmus)
Tingling.
Vomiting.
signs of wilsons
ementia, tremor or dyskinesias
with alt dearrangment levels
neuro and psychiatric symptoms
coeliacs signs
anemia
low feritin
fatty stools
what is painless jaundice
pancreatic cancer
gallstones mneumonic
fair: more prevalent in the Caucasian population 1
fat: BMI >30
female
fertile: one or more children
forty: age ≥40
pancreatitis symptoms
epigastric pain
radiates to back
