Gastroenterology Flashcards
Coeliac
- what kind of disease
- where is affected
- who is affected
T cell autoimmune
Small bowel - terminal illeum
villi atrophy
infancy and 50-60
Coeliac symptoms
steatorrhea diarrhoea fatigue abdo pain bloating nausea/vomiting weight decrease
Coealic test results
- what antibody to show if auto immune
- where to biopsy and what to look for
decrease Hb, B12, ferritin Look for IgG to see if autoimmune --> antibodies against glyteine -->serology sensitive and specific Duodenal biopsy to see vili and lymphocytes
Coealic can be from what anemias
Macrocytic MCV
Microcytic MCV
Normocytic
what breaks down carbs?
if it’s lacking, what does it suggest?
Amylase - breaks down into small sugars
If no amylase -> pancreatic insufficiency
Amylase is? and breaks down?
enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates
Chronic pancreatitis markers - 3
Increased amylase
Increase lipase
Fecal elastase
Chronic pancreatitis causes - 5
Increase levels of fat family history - auto immune Alcohol CF pancreatic duct obstruction
check for proteins to check for…?
how to check for albumin?
check for protein of malabsorption
Do: bloods for albumin
Lipase
- where is it made
- if lacking then what happens to stool?
- vit k deficiency sign
- what vitamins are fat soluble
Made in pancreas If lacking = diarrohea and floating stool Vitamin malabsorption - Vit K: bruising - ADEK = fat soluble vitamins
lactose intolerance
- how does it cause diarrhoea
increases osmolarity, therefore causes diarrhoea
pancreatitis treatment and what is in it
creaon (enzymes) - amylase, lipase and proteins
pancreatitis investigations - and results - 3
CT shows calcification
bloods - enzyme level
breath test
pancreatitis symptoms
epigastric pain
bloating
steatorrhea
weight loss
Crohns symptoms
- leisons
- characteristic features
- symptoms
skip leisons - 3 layers
bloody diarrhea, malaise, fever, malabsorption, abdo pain, weight loss, anemia
granulomas
fistulas
crohns investigations
FBC, ESR, CRP, U&E, INR, Fe, B12, Folate stool colonoscopy, rectal biopsy barium enema MRI
crohns management
- mild
- severe
mild: prednisolone
severe: hydrocortisone, metronidazole, infliximab
ulcerative colitis symptoms
- characteristic features
1 layer pseudopolyps less weight loss than crohns colonic smoking helps crypt abcess superficial
ulcerative colitis investigations (2) and results
stool
blood: anemia, leukyocytes
increased ESR
low albumin
blood tests with inflammation results
increased WBC
increased CRP
increased platelets - thrombocythemia
ulcerative colitis management - 3
- additional 1 for inflammation that is not steriodal
steriods
anti-tnfa
surgery
5 aza - methalazine (for inflam, non steriodal)
portal hypertension - how it happens
THINK: platelets
congestion in the spleen causes processing of platelets to increase therefore circulating platelets to decrease