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questions i got wrong > pass med y1-3 > Flashcards

pass med y1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

sulfonylureas MOA

A

bind to an ATP-dependent K+(KATP) channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells

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2
Q

renal failure following transplant in otherwise well patient

A

delayed graft function

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3
Q

where is the most ACE in the body

A

lungs

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4
Q

what is important to check after someone has been stuck after a fall

A

creatine kinase

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5
Q

diabetic drug with low risk of hypoglycaemia and causes glycosuria

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors

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6
Q

sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) MOA

A

increase levels of incretins such as GLP-1 and GIP
by reducing their peripheral breakdown

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7
Q

hormone increasing appetite

A

ghrelin

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8
Q

most commone substance causing renal stones

A

calcium oxalate

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9
Q

hyperkalaemia on ecg

A

small p waves, tall, tented T waves, prolonged PR interval, and bradycardia

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10
Q

graves pathophysiology

A

IgG antibodies are formed against the TSH receptors on the thyroid gland

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11
Q

where does obturator nerve exit pelvis

A

obturator foramen

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12
Q

what is enlarged in bph

A

median lobe

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13
Q

reduced ankle jerk- what nerve root

A

S1

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14
Q

what secretes secretin

A

mucosal cells in the duodenum and jejunum

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15
Q

non-patholgys that can raise PSA

A

digital rectal exam, ejaculation, vigorous excerise

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16
Q

medications to be stopped in AKI

A

NSAIDS (not aspirin if cardioprotective dose), aminoglycosides (eg gentamicin), ACEi, ARBs, diuretics

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17
Q

hypocalciaemic patient not responding to calcium supplementation (or vit d)

A

Hypomagnesaemia

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18
Q

testicular cancer causing gynocomastia

A

HCG secreting teritoma

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19
Q

side effect of acutane (oral isotretinion)

A

photosensitivity

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20
Q

gout aspirate

A

needle-shaped negatively birefringent monosodium urate crystals

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21
Q

Structures in the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (four tendons)
Flexor digitorum superficialis (four tendons)
Flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve

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22
Q

posteriolateral knee pain after spriniting without warming up

A

biceps femoris tendon injury

23
Q

loss of foot dorsiflexion + sensory loss dorsum of the foot- what nerve root injured?

A

L5

24
Q

reduced knee jerk- what nerve root injury

A

L4

25
Q

muscles types with sarcomeres

A

skeletal and cardiac

26
Q

ibuprofen MOA

A

reduce prostaglandin synthesis

27
Q

Where does long head of the tricep originate

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

28
Q

Nerve root

A

1-2 Ankle (S1-S2)
3-4 Knee (L3-L4)
5-6 Biceps (C5-C6)
7-8 Triceps (C7-C8)

29
Q

What type of joint is wrist

A

Synovial condyloid

30
Q

Pseudogout crystals

A

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals

31
Q

Where is adh secreted from

A

Posterior pituitary

32
Q

What virus causes shingles

A

Varciella zoster

33
Q

foot drop nerve injured?

A

common peroneal

34
Q

where is adrenaline secreted

A

adrenal medulla

35
Q

what nerve root injured with claw hand and hyperextended wrist

A

lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8, T1)

36
Q

what causes excess ketones in DKA

A

uncontrolled lipolysis

37
Q

what electrolyte change will happen when starting insulin therapy

A

decrease in potassium levels

38
Q

muscle responsible for flexing the distal interphalangeal joints

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

39
Q

what hormone inhibits prolactin

A

dopamine

40
Q

can sulfynolureas cause hypoglycaemia

A

YES

41
Q

diarrhoea blood gas result (think C diff)

A

normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

42
Q

sulfonylureas MOA

A

stimulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic B-cells and decrease hepatic clearance of insulin

43
Q

pheochromocytoma investigation

A

urinary free adrenaline

44
Q

what structure in anatomical snuffbox can be injured by scaphoid fracture

A

radial artery

45
Q

cubital fossa contents

A

radial nerve, brachial tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

46
Q

cubital tunnel nerve effected

A

ulnar nerve

47
Q

what nerve passes through quadrangel space

A

axillary nerve

47
Q

what nerve passes through quadrangel space

A

axillary nerve

48
Q

claw hand nerve root

A

lower trunk C8,T1

49
Q

Horseshoe kidneys are trapped under the

A

inferior mesenteric artery

50
Q

most anterior at the hilum of the left kidney

A

renal vein

51
Q

DKA

A

raised anion gap, metabolic acidosis

52
Q

what does angiotensin 2 do to the efferent arteriole

A

questions i got wrong (7 decks)

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