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questions i got wrong > pass med y1-3 > Flashcards

pass med y1-3 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

sulfonylureas MOA

A

bind to an ATP-dependent K+(KATP) channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells

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2
Q

renal failure following transplant in otherwise well patient

A

delayed graft function

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3
Q

where is the most ACE in the body

A

lungs

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4
Q

what is important to check after someone has been stuck after a fall

A

creatine kinase

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5
Q

diabetic drug with low risk of hypoglycaemia and causes glycosuria

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors

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6
Q

sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) MOA

A

increase levels of incretins such as GLP-1 and GIP
by reducing their peripheral breakdown

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7
Q

hormone increasing appetite

A

ghrelin

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8
Q

most commone substance causing renal stones

A

calcium oxalate

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9
Q

hyperkalaemia on ecg

A

small p waves, tall, tented T waves, prolonged PR interval, and bradycardia

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10
Q

graves pathophysiology

A

IgG antibodies are formed against the TSH receptors on the thyroid gland

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11
Q

where does obturator nerve exit pelvis

A

obturator foramen

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12
Q

what is enlarged in bph

A

median lobe

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13
Q

reduced ankle jerk- what nerve root

A

S1

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14
Q

what secretes secretin

A

mucosal cells in the duodenum and jejunum

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15
Q

non-patholgys that can raise PSA

A

digital rectal exam, ejaculation, vigorous excerise

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16
Q

medications to be stopped in AKI

A

NSAIDS (not aspirin if cardioprotective dose), aminoglycosides (eg gentamicin), ACEi, ARBs, diuretics

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17
Q

hypocalciaemic patient not responding to calcium supplementation (or vit d)

A

Hypomagnesaemia

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18
Q

testicular cancer causing gynocomastia

A

HCG secreting teritoma

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19
Q

side effect of acutane (oral isotretinion)

A

photosensitivity

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20
Q

gout aspirate

A

needle-shaped negatively birefringent monosodium urate crystals

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21
Q

Structures in the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (four tendons)
Flexor digitorum superficialis (four tendons)
Flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve

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22
Q

posteriolateral knee pain after spriniting without warming up

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A

biceps femoris tendon injury

23
Q

loss of foot dorsiflexion + sensory loss dorsum of the foot- what nerve root injured?

24
Q

reduced knee jerk- what nerve root injury

25
muscles types with sarcomeres
skeletal and cardiac
26
ibuprofen MOA
reduce prostaglandin synthesis
27
Where does long head of the tricep originate
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
28
Nerve root
1-2 Ankle (S1-S2) 3-4 Knee (L3-L4) 5-6 Biceps (C5-C6) 7-8 Triceps (C7-C8)
29
What type of joint is wrist
Synovial condyloid
30
Pseudogout crystals
calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals
31
Where is adh secreted from
Posterior pituitary
32
What virus causes shingles
Varciella zoster
33
foot drop nerve injured?
common peroneal
34
where is adrenaline secreted
adrenal medulla
35
what nerve root injured with claw hand and hyperextended wrist
lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8, T1)
36
what causes excess ketones in DKA
uncontrolled lipolysis
37
what electrolyte change will happen when starting insulin therapy
decrease in potassium levels
38
muscle responsible for flexing the distal interphalangeal joints
Flexor digitorum profundus
39
what hormone inhibits prolactin
dopamine
40
can sulfynolureas cause hypoglycaemia
YES
41
diarrhoea blood gas result (think C diff)
normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
42
sulfonylureas MOA
stimulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic B-cells and decrease hepatic clearance of insulin
43
pheochromocytoma investigation
urinary free adrenaline
44
what structure in anatomical snuffbox can be injured by scaphoid fracture
radial artery
45
cubital fossa contents
radial nerve, brachial tendon, brachial artery, median nerve
46
cubital tunnel nerve effected
ulnar nerve
47
what nerve passes through quadrangel space
axillary nerve
47
what nerve passes through quadrangel space
axillary nerve
48
claw hand nerve root
lower trunk C8,T1
49
Horseshoe kidneys are trapped under the
inferior mesenteric artery
50
most anterior at the hilum of the left kidney
renal vein
51
DKA
raised anion gap, metabolic acidosis
52
what does angiotensin 2 do to the efferent arteriole

questions i got wrong (7 decks)

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